分析总统演讲中的民粹话语，发现不同派别有独特语言音调。
The Sound of Populism: Distinct Linguistic Features Across Populist Variants
- 结合LIWC与微调RoBERTa模型，识别民粹话语的语言特征。
- 右翼和人民中心主义更情绪化，左翼与反精英话语较克制。
- 适合研究政治修辞、语言风格或社会情绪的学者参考。
本研究通过整合经典语言分析工具LIWC与微调后的RoBERTa模型，探索美国总统就职演说与国情咨文中的民粹话语特征。分析涵盖左翼、右翼、反精英与人民中心四大民粹维度，揭示其在语言标记上的共性与差异。研究发现，民粹话语普遍具有直接、强势的表达风格，强化领导人与'人民'之间的联结，塑造个人魅力形象。但这种风格并非随意，而是策略性设计：右翼民粹与人民中心主义更强调身份、怨恨与危机议题，情感色彩浓厚；而左翼与反精英话语则表现出相对克制的情绪基调。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
This study explores the sound of populism by integrating the classic Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) features, which capture the emotional and stylistic tones of language, with a fine-tuned RoBERTa model, a state-of-the-art context-aware language model trained to detect nuanced expressions of populism. This approach allows us to uncover the auditory dimensions of political rhetoric in U.S. presidential inaugural and State of the Union addresses. We examine how four key populist dimensions (i.e., left-wing, right-wing, anti-elitism, and people-centrism) manifest in the linguistic markers of speech, drawing attention to both commonalities and distinct tonal shifts across these variants. Our findings reveal that populist rhetoric consistently features a direct, assertive ``sound" that forges a connection with ``the people'' and constructs a charismatic leadership persona. However, this sound is not simply informal but strategically calibrated. Notably, right-wing populism and people-centrism exhibit a more emotionally charged discourse, resonating with themes of identity, grievance, and crisis, in contrast to the relatively restrained emotional tones of left-wing and anti-elitist expressions.
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