arXiv:2505.08085cs.LG2025-05被引 5

提出可保护隐私的联邦随机森林模型,支持医疗等敏感领域分布式训练。

A Federated Random Forest Solution for Secure Distributed Machine Learning

  • 基于PySyft实现安全计算,多方协作训练随机森林而不共享数据。
  • 在两个医疗数据集上表现接近中心化模型,误差不超过9%。
  • 支持加权平均与增量学习,适合数据分布不均的场景。

隐私与监管障碍常阻碍集中式机器学习应用,尤其在医疗等领域数据无法自由共享。联邦学习虽能缓解此问题,但现有框架多仅支持基于梯度的模型,缺乏对可解释性更强的树模型的支持。本文提出一种用于随机森林分类器的联邦学习框架,通过PySyft实现隐私保护计算,使多个机构可在本地数据上协作训练模型而无需暴露敏感信息。该框架支持加权模型平均以应对数据分布差异,支持增量学习以逐步优化模型,并提供本地评估以衡量异构数据集上的性能。在两个真实医疗基准数据集上的实验表明,联邦方法保持了具有竞争力的预测精度——与集中式方法最大相差9%,同时满足严格隐私要求。结果证明树模型联邦学习在受监管、竞争或技术限制下无法集中数据的场景中具备可行性。该方案填补了现有联邦学习库的空白,为需要透明性与可靠性能的分布式学习任务提供可适配工具。代码已开源:https://github.com/ieeta-pt/fed_rf。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Privacy and regulatory barriers often hinder centralized machine learning solutions, particularly in sectors like healthcare where data cannot be freely shared. Federated learning has emerged as a powerful paradigm to address these concerns; however, existing frameworks primarily support gradient-based models, leaving a gap for more interpretable, tree-based approaches. This paper introduces a federated learning framework for Random Forest classifiers that preserves data privacy and provides robust performance in distributed settings. By leveraging PySyft for secure, privacy-aware computation, our method enables multiple institutions to collaboratively train Random Forest models on locally stored data without exposing sensitive information. The framework supports weighted model averaging to account for varying data distributions, incremental learning to progressively refine models, and local evaluation to assess performance across heterogeneous datasets. Experiments on two real-world healthcare benchmarks demonstrate that the federated approach maintains competitive predictive accuracy - within a maximum 9\% margin of centralized methods - while satisfying stringent privacy requirements. These findings underscore the viability of tree-based federated learning for scenarios where data cannot be centralized due to regulatory, competitive, or technical constraints. The proposed solution addresses a notable gap in existing federated learning libraries, offering an adaptable tool for secure distributed machine learning tasks that demand both transparency and reliable performance. The tool is available at https://github.com/ieeta-pt/fed_rf.

联邦学习随机森林隐私保护医疗AI

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