AI与生成式AI加速灾害损毁评估，提升应急响应效率。
AI and Generative AI Transforming Disaster Management: A Survey of Damage Assessment and Response Techniques
- 融合多源数据（文本、图像、视频等）进行灾害评估
- 可模拟真实灾害场景并快速识别趋势变化
- 适合灾害管理、应急响应及政策制定者参考
自然灾害如地震、野火和飓风对人类生命和基础设施构成巨大威胁。有效的灾后响应依赖于快速高效地评估损毁程度。人工智能（AI）与生成式人工智能（GenAI）提供突破性解决方案，能够整合多类型、多来源数据，模拟逼真的灾害场景，并以前所未有的速度识别新兴趋势。本文全面综述了AI与GenAI在各类自然灾害损毁评估中的应用前景，强调其优势与局限。涵盖文本、图像、视频、音频等多模态数据的应用，同时讨论数据隐私、安全及危机中技术伦理使用问题。论文还指出生成式AI被滥用的风险，包括虚假信息传播和对抗攻击。最后，提出未来研究方向，强调构建安全、可靠、符合伦理的生成式AI系统对灾害管理的重要性。本文是首个系统性综述生成式AI在灾害评估与响应领域应用的研究。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Natural disasters, including earthquakes, wildfires and cyclones, bear a huge risk on human lives as well as infrastructure assets. An effective response to disaster depends on the ability to rapidly and efficiently assess the intensity of damage. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) presents a breakthrough solution, capable of combining knowledge from multiple types and sources of data, simulating realistic scenarios of disaster, and identifying emerging trends at a speed previously unimaginable. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review on the prospects of AI and GenAI in damage assessment for various natural disasters, highlighting both its strengths and limitations. We talk about its application to multimodal data such as text, image, video, and audio, and also cover major issues of data privacy, security, and ethical use of the technology during crises. The paper also recognizes the threat of Generative AI misuse, in the form of dissemination of misinformation and for adversarial attacks. Finally, we outline avenues of future research, emphasizing the need for secure, reliable, and ethical Generative AI systems for disaster management in general. We believe that this work represents the first comprehensive survey of Gen-AI techniques being used in the field of Disaster Assessment and Response.
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