用凸优化生成自动驾驶停车路径,又快又稳还避障。
Optimal Trajectory Planning with Collision Avoidance for Autonomous Vehicle Maneuvering
- 基于离散杜宾模型与凸优化,动态规划最优行驶轨迹。
- 在多种泊车场景下实现最快速度、最短距离与最少路径段。
- 适合需要高精度避障的自动驾驶路径规划应用。
为实现平行或垂直泊车等自动驾驶操作,车辆需持续调整速度与转向以沿生成路径行驶。路径质量直接影响车辆动作性能。现有路径规划多关注无碰撞路径,而最优轨迹规划则需在运动学模型约束下,最小化所有允许路径的动作量,实现从初始状态到目标状态的最佳过渡。本文提出一种基于序列凸优化的新方法,可灵活高效生成最优轨迹。目标是满足运动需求的前提下,实现最快时间、最短距离和最少路径段,并避开传感器盲区。车辆运动学采用离散化的杜宾模型表示;为避免碰撞,每个航点受线性不等式约束,代表障碍物到车辆轮廓多边形的最近距离。通过代价函数中的惩罚项对求解出的运动状态与控制变量施加约束与正则化,强制执行物理限制,包括转向角、加速度和速度的上限。本文分析了多个泊车场景下的轨迹结果,表明该方法能生成高效且无碰撞的运动轨迹。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
To perform autonomous driving maneuvers, such as parallel or perpendicular parking, a vehicle requires continual speed and steering adjustments to follow a generated path. In consequence, the path's quality is a limiting factor of the vehicle maneuver's performance. While most path planning approaches include finding a collision-free route, optimal trajectory planning involves solving the best transition from initial to final states, minimizing the action over all paths permitted by a kinematic model. Here we propose a novel method based on sequential convex optimization, which permits flexible and efficient optimal trajectory generation. The objective is to achieve the fastest time, shortest distance, and fewest number of path segments to satisfy motion requirements, while avoiding sensor blind-spots. In our approach, vehicle kinematics are represented by a discretized Dubins model. To avoid collisions, each waypoint is constrained by linear inequalities representing closest distance of obstacles to a polygon specifying the vehicle's extent. To promote smooth and valid trajectories, the solved kinematic state and control variables are constrained and regularized by penalty terms in the model's cost function, which enforces physical restrictions including limits for steering angle, acceleration and speed. In this paper, we analyze trajectories obtained for several parking scenarios. Results demonstrate efficient and collision-free motion generated by the proposed technique.
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