用单次计算预测非线性偏微分方程,速度比传统方法快90倍以上。
Single-shot prediction of parametric partial differential equations
- 设计神经传播器直接推进隐变量,跳过逐时步迭代。
- 在1维和2维典型方程上实现宽参数范围的高精度长时预测。
- 速度快50倍以上,适合流体模拟等高性能仿真场景。
我们提出Flexi-VAE,一种数据驱动的高效单次预测框架,用于非线性参数化偏微分方程(PDEs),无需迭代时间步进即可保持高精度与稳定性。该框架引入神经传播器,向前推进隐变量表示,在变分自编码器设定下对齐隐空间演化与物理状态重建。我们评估了两种传播策略:直接拼接传播器(DCP)与位置编码传播器(PEP),并通过表示论分析表明,DCP通过构建解耦且具物理意义的隐空间,实现更优的长期泛化能力。几何诊断(如雅可比谱分析)显示,传播后的隐状态位于解码器敏感度更低、局部几何更稳定的区域,提升了长时预测的鲁棒性。我们在经典PDE基准测试中验证了Flexi-VAE,包括1维黏性伯格斯方程与2维对流-扩散方程,均在广泛参数范围内取得准确预测。相比自编码器-LSTM基线,模型在大时间跨度下实现超过50倍的CPU加速与90倍的GPU加速。这些结果使Flexi-VAE成为计算流体力学(CFD)等参数化PDE驱动应用中可扩展且可解释的代理建模工具,并具备向更高维复杂系统拓展的潜力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
We introduce Flexi-VAE, a data-driven framework for efficient single-shot forecasting of nonlinear parametric partial differential equations (PDEs), eliminating the need for iterative time-stepping while maintaining high accuracy and stability. Flexi-VAE incorporates a neural propagator that advances latent representations forward in time, aligning latent evolution with physical state reconstruction in a variational autoencoder setting. We evaluate two propagation strategies, the Direct Concatenation Propagator (DCP) and the Positional Encoding Propagator (PEP), and demonstrate, through representation-theoretic analysis, that DCP offers superior long-term generalization by fostering disentangled and physically meaningful latent spaces. Geometric diagnostics, including Jacobian spectral analysis, reveal that propagated latent states reside in regions of lower decoder sensitivity and more stable local geometry than those derived via direct encoding, enhancing robustness for long-horizon predictions. We validate Flexi-VAE on canonical PDE benchmarks, the 1D viscous Burgers equation and the 2D advection-diffusion equation, achieving accurate forecasts across wide parametric ranges. The model delivers over 50x CPU and 90x GPU speedups compared to autoencoder-LSTM baselines for large temporal shifts. These results position Flexi-VAE as a scalable and interpretable surrogate modeling tool for accelerating high-fidelity simulations in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and other parametric PDE-driven applications, with extensibility to higher-dimensional and more complex systems.
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