系统梳理养老机器人伦理问题，为决策者提供实践参考
Ethical Aspects of the Use of Social Robots in Elderly Care -- A Systematic Qualitative Review
- 基于248篇文献构建伦理风险、机遇与未决问题框架
- 识别出至少60个影响三类利益相关方的伦理议题
- 强调需结合具体场景进行细致伦理评估，适合政策制定者阅读
背景：由于资源有限，社会机器人在老年照护中的应用日益受到关注。尽管机器人照护技术具有诸多潜在优势，但也面临多种伦理挑战。为支持负责任的实施与使用，本综述从决策者视角系统梳理了社会机器人在老年照护中的伦理议题。方法：通过涵盖‘伦理方面’‘社交机器人’和‘老年照护’关键词的综合检索策略，筛选1,518篇文献，经两名作者独立进行标题与摘要筛查，一名作者完成全文筛查并经联合确认。数据提取由一名作者使用MAXQDA24基于统一编码框架完成，分析采用改进的定性内容分析法。结果：共纳入248篇文献，将分析归纳为伦理隐患、伦理机遇与未决问题三类，识别出至少60项影响三类利益相关者的广泛伦理议题。部分问题虽已广为人知，但多数潜在相关议题仍被边缘化，亟需实务层面关注。讨论：研究强调必须对实施场景进行情境化、精细化的伦理评估。为有效利用现有伦理讨论成果，我们假设决策者需理解该话语体系的具体性质，才能开展审慎的伦理审议。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Background: The use of social robotics in elderly care is increasingly discussed as one way of meeting emerging care needs due to scarce resources. While many potential benefits are associated with robotic care technologies, there is a variety of ethical challenges. To support steps towards a responsible implementation and use, this review develops an overview on ethical aspects of the use of social robots in elderly care from a decision-makers' perspective. Methods: Electronic databases were queried using a comprehensive search strategy based on the key concepts of "ethical aspects", "social robotics" and "elderly care". Abstract and title screening was conducted by two authors independently. Full-text screening was conducted by one author following a joint consolidation phase. Data was extracted using MAXQDA24 by one author, based on a consolidated coding framework. Analysis was performed through modified qualitative content analysis. Results: A total of 1,518 publications were screened, and 248 publications were included. We have organized our analysis in a scheme of ethical hazards, ethical opportunities and unsettled questions, identifying at least 60 broad ethical aspects affecting three different stakeholder groups. While some ethical issues are well-known and broadly discussed our analysis shows a plethora of potentially relevant aspects, often only marginally recognized, that are worthy of consideration from a practical perspective. Discussion: The findings highlight the need for a contextual and detailed evaluation of implementation scenarios. To make use of the vast knowledge of the ethical discourse, we hypothesize that decision-makers need to understand the specific nature of this discourse to be able to engage in careful ethical deliberation.
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