arXiv:2505.09665cs.SIcs.CL2025-05被引 1

用大模型分析Reddit讨论,发现洛杉矶大火期间公众健康担忧的实时变化。

Tales of the 2025 Los Angeles Fire: Hotwash for Public Health Concerns in Reddit via LLM-Enhanced Topic Modeling

  • 结合大模型与人工校正,构建分层主题分析框架。
  • 灾情高峰前2-5天,应急信息讨论量达峰值;夜间心理危机信号最集中。
  • 首次公开2025洛杉矶山火社交平台数据集,适合灾害应对与公共卫生研究者。

近年来野火频发且日益严重。了解受灾人群在危机中的感知与反应对及时、共情的灾害应对至关重要。社交媒体为捕捉公众舆论演变提供了众包渠道,可获取高时空分辨率的信息与情绪洞察。本研究分析2025年洛杉矶山火期间的Reddit讨论,涵盖帕利塞兹与伊顿火灾从爆发至全面控制全过程,收集385篇帖子和114,879条评论。采用增强型大语言模型(LLM)与人机协同(HITL)优化的主题建模方法,识别潜在主题,并构建两级分类框架:情境意识(SA)与危机叙事(CN)。SA主题数量与真实火情进展高度吻合,峰值出现在火灾扩张的前2-5天内。最频繁的共现主题组合为公共卫生与安全、损失与损害、应急资源,扩展出环境健康、职业健康及一健康等多类健康议题。哀伤信号与心理健康风险分别占CN类别的60%与40%,总量在夜间最高。本研究贡献了首个针对2025年洛杉矶山火的标注社交数据集,并提出一种可扩展的多层主题分析框架,有助于提升灾害响应中的共情能力与公共卫生沟通效率,为未来气候相关灾害研究提供参考。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Wildfires have become increasingly frequent, irregular, and severe in recent years. Understanding how affected populations perceive and respond during wildfire crises is critical for timely and empathetic disaster response. Social media platforms offer a crowd-sourced channel to capture evolving public discourse, providing hyperlocal information and insight into public sentiment. This study analyzes Reddit discourse during the 2025 Los Angeles wildfires, spanning from the onset of the disaster to full containment. We collect 385 posts and 114,879 comments related to the Palisades and Eaton fires. We adopt topic modeling methods to identify the latent topics, enhanced by large language models (LLMs) and human-in-the-loop (HITL) refinement. Furthermore, we develop a hierarchical framework to categorize latent topics, consisting of two main categories, Situational Awareness (SA) and Crisis Narratives (CN). The volume of SA category closely aligns with real-world fire progressions, peaking within the first 2-5 days as the fires reach the maximum extent. The most frequent co-occurring category set of public health and safety, loss and damage, and emergency resources expands on a wide range of health-related latent topics, including environmental health, occupational health, and one health. Grief signals and mental health risks consistently accounted for 60 percentage and 40 percentage of CN instances, respectively, with the highest total volume occurring at night. This study contributes the first annotated social media dataset on the 2025 LA fires, and introduces a scalable multi-layer framework that leverages topic modeling for crisis discourse analysis. By identifying persistent public health concerns, our results can inform more empathetic and adaptive strategies for disaster response, public health communication, and future research in comparable climate-related disaster events.

灾难舆情大模型公共健康社会媒体

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