arXiv:2505.09979cs.RO2025-05被引 1

让四足机器人学会多种自然动作,实现在复杂环境中的敏捷奔跑。

Learning Diverse Natural Behaviors for Enhancing the Agility of Quadrupedal Robots

  • 用生成对抗学习从真实狗的动作数据中提取多样行为风格。
  • 在仿真中训练后,机器人实测平均速度达1.1米/秒,跃障时速达3.2米/秒。
  • 适合对机器人运动控制、强化学习应用感兴趣的开发者参考。

实现类动物般的敏捷性是四足机器人长期追求的目标。尽管近期研究已成功模仿特定行为,但在真实环境中学习并复现更广泛自然行为仍是未解难题。本文提出一种集成控制器,包含基础行为控制器(BBC)和任务专用控制器(TSC),可在增强型仿真环境中高效学习多样化自然四足行为,并顺利迁移到真实世界。BBC采用新型半监督生成对抗模仿学习算法,从真实狗的原始动作捕捉数据中提取多样行为模式,通过调整离散与连续潜在变量输入实现平滑行为切换;TSC则通过特权学习,以深度图像为输入协调BBC完成各类任务。此外,采用进化对抗仿真器识别方法优化仿真环境,使其更贴近现实。训练完成后,机器人展现出多样自然行为,在四足敏捷挑战中平均速度达到1.1米/秒,跃障峰值速度达3.2米/秒。该工作显著推进了四足机器人向类动物敏捷性迈进,为复杂真实环境中的部署开辟新路径。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Achieving animal-like agility is a longstanding goal in quadrupedal robotics. While recent studies have successfully demonstrated imitation of specific behaviors, enabling robots to replicate a broader range of natural behaviors in real-world environments remains an open challenge. Here we propose an integrated controller comprising a Basic Behavior Controller (BBC) and a Task-Specific Controller (TSC) which can effectively learn diverse natural quadrupedal behaviors in an enhanced simulator and efficiently transfer them to the real world. Specifically, the BBC is trained using a novel semi-supervised generative adversarial imitation learning algorithm to extract diverse behavioral styles from raw motion capture data of real dogs, enabling smooth behavior transitions by adjusting discrete and continuous latent variable inputs. The TSC, trained via privileged learning with depth images as input, coordinates the BBC to efficiently perform various tasks. Additionally, we employ evolutionary adversarial simulator identification to optimize the simulator, aligning it closely with reality. After training, the robot exhibits diverse natural behaviors, successfully completing the quadrupedal agility challenge at an average speed of 1.1 m/s and achieving a peak speed of 3.2 m/s during hurdling. This work represents a substantial step toward animal-like agility in quadrupedal robots, opening avenues for their deployment in increasingly complex real-world environments.

四足机器人行为学习强化学习

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