arXiv:2505.09988eess.SYcs.RO2025-05被引 1

提出一种安全且类人驾驶的跟车模型,能精确预测刹车并保证不碰撞。

Provably safe and human-like car-following behaviors: Part 2. A parsimonious multi-phase model with projected braking

  • 基于人类预判行为设计分阶段刹车预测机制
  • 数学证明在合理条件下可避免碰撞且刹车平缓
  • 适合自动驾驶车辆在真实路况下的安全决策

确保自动化车辆在真实世界不确定性下实现安全且类人轨迹规划仍是关键挑战。现有跟车模型难以同时提供严格的安全部署证明与类人加减速模式。本文提出一种基于投影刹车的简约多阶段跟车模型,通过引入受限加速度与减速度率,结合人类驾驶核心原则,在第1部分奠定的多阶段动力系统分析基础上,揭示了简单限速减速度扩展新尔模型的局限性。受人类驾驶员前瞻性行为启发,数学定义并分析了前后车的投影刹车剖面,建立基于预测刹车领先车问题的安全准则与新阶段划分。所提模型融合改进的新尔模型用于常规驾驶,及针对投影刹车场景的新控制律。利用速度-间距相平面分析,严格证明了该模型在合理初始条件下满足无碰撞、减速度有界及可接受安全停车距离等安全与类人驾驶原则。数值仿真验证了其在静止前车问题中兼具安全性和类人刹车表现的优越性能。最后讨论了模型意义与未来研究方向。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Ensuring safe and human-like trajectory planning for automated vehicles amidst real-world uncertainties remains a critical challenge. While existing car-following models often struggle to consistently provide rigorous safety proofs alongside human-like acceleration and deceleration patterns, we introduce a novel multi-phase projection-based car-following model. This model is designed to balance safety and performance by incorporating bounded acceleration and deceleration rates while emulating key human driving principles. Building upon a foundation of fundamental driving principles and a multi-phase dynamical systems analysis (detailed in Part 1 of this study \citep{jin2025WA20-02_Part1}), we first highlight the limitations of extending standard models like Newell's with simple bounded deceleration. Inspired by human drivers' anticipatory behavior, we mathematically define and analyze projected braking profiles for both leader and follower vehicles, establishing safety criteria and new phase definitions based on the projected braking lead-vehicle problem. The proposed parsimonious model combines an extended Newell's model for nominal driving with a new control law for scenarios requiring projected braking. Using speed-spacing phase plane analysis, we provide rigorous mathematical proofs of the model's adherence to defined safe and human-like driving principles, including collision-free operation, bounded deceleration, and acceptable safe stopping distance, under reasonable initial conditions. Numerical simulations validate the model's superior performance in achieving both safety and human-like braking profiles for the stationary lead-vehicle problem. Finally, we discuss the model's implications and future research directions.

自动驾驶跟车模型安全控制

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