测试大模型是否记住了电影推荐数据集,发现所有模型都有记忆痕迹。
Do LLMs Memorize Recommendation Datasets? A Preliminary Study on MovieLens-1M
- 通过提示词提取数据属性和交互信息,检测模型记忆程度。
- 模型记忆越深,推荐表现越好,但泛化能力可能下降。
- 适用于关注模型数据隐私与推荐公平性的研究者。
大型语言模型(LLMs)因强大的自然语言理解与生成能力,正日益应用于推荐场景。尽管已有大量研究探索其在推荐任务中的应用,却极少验证这些模型是否将公开推荐数据集作为训练数据进行记忆。这种记忆会降低研究结果的泛化性,因为基于已记忆数据集的评估无法保证对未见数据集的有效性。此外,记忆可能放大偏见,例如某些热门项目被过度推荐。本文研究了LLMs是否记住了常用推荐数据集MovieLens-1M。我们针对GPT与Llama两大模型家族、多个规模,定义记忆为通过提示词能否还原物品属性、用户画像及用户-物品交互。结果表明,所有模型均表现出一定程度的记忆现象,且推荐性能与记忆强度相关。代码已开源:https://github.com/sisinflab/LLM-MemoryInspector。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly central to recommendation scenarios due to their remarkable natural language understanding and generation capabilities. Although significant research has explored the use of LLMs for various recommendation tasks, little effort has been dedicated to verifying whether they have memorized public recommendation dataset as part of their training data. This is undesirable because memorization reduces the generalizability of research findings, as benchmarking on memorized datasets does not guarantee generalization to unseen datasets. Furthermore, memorization can amplify biases, for example, some popular items may be recommended more frequently than others. In this work, we investigate whether LLMs have memorized public recommendation datasets. Specifically, we examine two model families (GPT and Llama) across multiple sizes, focusing on one of the most widely used dataset in recommender systems: MovieLens-1M. First, we define dataset memorization as the extent to which item attributes, user profiles, and user-item interactions can be retrieved by prompting the LLMs. Second, we analyze the impact of memorization on recommendation performance. Lastly, we examine whether memorization varies across model families and model sizes. Our results reveal that all models exhibit some degree of memorization of MovieLens-1M, and that recommendation performance is related to the extent of memorization. We have made all the code publicly available at: https://github.com/sisinflab/LLM-MemoryInspector
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