用智能反射表面实现毫米波无设备定位，厘米级精度解决拐角盲区问题。
mmMirror: Device Free mmWave Indoor NLoS Localization Using Van-Atta-Array IRS
- 基于范阿塔阵列的智能反射面，动态调整信号路径以突破遮挡
- 3米内实现厘米级定位精度，支持多雷达多目标同时跟踪
- 兼容现有雷达系统，适合工厂、仓库等复杂人机共处场景
工业4.0正推动机器人在工厂、仓库及医疗设施等共享人机环境中应用。然而，在拐角等非视距（NLoS）场景下，人机碰撞风险仍是重大挑战。现有视觉和激光雷达系统在遮挡、光照或隐私限制下表现不佳，射频系统则受限于覆盖范围与精度。为此，我们提出mmMirror，一种基于范阿塔阵列的毫米波可重构智能反射面（IRS）系统，实现无设备、高精度的室内非视距定位。该系统无缝集成于现有调频连续波（FMCW）雷达，并具备：（i）3米内厘米级精度的鲁棒非视距定位；（ii）雷达与IRS间无缝上下行通信；（iii）通过动态波束赋形支持多雷达与多目标场景；（iv）通过自适应时隙分配降低扫描延迟。系统采用商用24 GHz雷达与印刷电路板（PCB）型IRS原型实现，验证了其在动态复杂环境中的安全人机交互潜力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Industry 4.0 is transforming manufacturing and logistics by integrating robots into shared human environments, such as factories, warehouses, and healthcare facilities. However, the risk of human-robot collisions, especially in Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) scenarios like around corners, remains a critical challenge. Existing solutions, such as vision-based and LiDAR systems, often fail under occlusion, lighting constraints, or privacy concerns, while RF-based systems are limited by range and accuracy. To address these limitations, we propose mmMirror, a novel system leveraging a Van Atta Array-based millimeter-wave (mmWave) reconfigurable intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) for precise, device-free NLoS localization. mmMirror integrates seamlessly with existing frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radars and offers: (i) robust NLoS localization with centimeter-level accuracy at ranges up to 3 m, (ii) seamless uplink and downlink communication between radar and IRS, (iii) support for multi-radar and multi-target scenarios via dynamic beam steering, and (iv) reduced scanning latency through adaptive time slot allocation. Implemented using commodity 24 GHz radars and a PCB-based IRS prototype, mmMirror demonstrates its potential in enabling safe human-robot interactions in dynamic and complex environments.
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