用两次自适应测量实现压缩主成分估计，理论证明效率最优。

Principal component analysis classically requires full $d$-dimensional samples, yet in various applications hardware limits acquisition to a few scalar measurements per sample. We analyze a compressed variant of Oja's algorithm for estimating the principal eigenvector of the data covariance matrix using only two adaptive measurements per sample. At each iteration, we observe one measurement along the current estimate and one in a random orthogonal direction. We prove that after $t$ iterations, the expected sine-squared error to the true eigenvector is $\mathcal{O}(λ_1λ_2 d^2 / (Δ^2 t))$, where $d$ is the ambient dimension, $λ_1, λ_2$ are the leading eigenvalues, and $Δ= λ_1 - λ_2$ is the eigengap. We complement this with a matching information-theoretic lower bound of $Ω(λ_1λ_2 d^2 / (Δ^2 t))$ -- the first for compressed eigenvector estimation -- proving that the $d^2$ factor, an additional factor of $d$ compared to the fully-observed minimax rate $Θ(λ_1λ_2 d / (Δ^2 t))$, is the fundamental cost of compression and cannot be improved. In contrast, any non-adaptive scheme with two measurements per iteration suffers $Ω(λ_2^2 d^3 / (Δ^2 t))$, an additional power of $d$. This separates fully-observed, adaptive-compressed, and non-adaptive-compressed PCA across three powers of $d$. Our analysis handles the noisy setting where the covariance has nonzero trailing eigenvalues, providing the first convergence guarantee for adaptive compressed subspace tracking beyond the noiseless case.