arXiv:2505.11451cs.AI2025-05被引 1

通过逆向工程时间戳,自动提取医疗文本中的可解释日期。

Extracting Explainable Dates From Medical Images By Reverse-Engineering UNIX Timestamps

  • 用逆向工程生成时间戳,驱动正则表达式自动生成。
  • 自动生成的正则表达式误检率比手动编写低得多。
  • 适合需要高可信度日期提取的医疗AI应用。

日期常影响重大医疗决策,但其提取方法不明确。现有方法或依赖复杂AI模型输出,或使用正则表达式解析文本。尽管正则表达式具备可解释性,但难以拆解以构建精确的UNIX时间戳。我们测试了公开可用的正则表达式,发现其无法捕获大量真实日期。随后手动设计易分解的正则表达式,虽能检测多数真实日期,却也产生大量假阳性。最后,我们利用正则表达式合成技术,从逆向工程生成的UNIX时间戳中自动提取正则表达式。结果表明,合成得到的正则表达式误检更少,仅略微增加漏检数量。整体证明,通过逆向工程多对一映射并输入正则表达式合成器,可有效学习确定性逻辑,实现复杂日期与日期范围的精准识别。该方法为医疗文本中可解释日期提取提供了新路径。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Dates often contribute towards highly impactful medical decisions, but it is rarely clear how to extract this data. AI has only just begun to be used transcribe such documents, and common methods are either to trust that the output produced by a complex AI model, or to parse the text using regular expressions. Recent work has established that regular expressions are an explainable form of logic, but it is difficult to decompose these into the component parts that are required to construct precise UNIX timestamps. First, we test publicly-available regular expressions, and we found that these were unable to capture a significant number of our dates. Next, we manually created easily-decomposable regular expressions, and we found that these were able to detect the majority of real dates, but also a lot of sequences of text that look like dates. Finally, we used regular expression synthesis to automatically identify regular expressions from the reverse-engineered UNIX timestamps that we created. We find that regular expressions created by regular expression synthesis detect far fewer sequences of text that look like dates than those that were manually created, at the cost of a slight increase to the number of missed dates. Overall, our results show that regular expressions can be created through regular expression synthesis to identify complex dates and date ranges in text transcriptions. To our knowledge, our proposed way of learning deterministic logic by reverse-engineering several many-one mappings and feeding these into a regular expression synthesiser is a new approach.

医学AI正则表达式可解释性

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