分析美国航空网络结构，发现枢纽机场失效易引发连锁崩溃。
Analysis and Resilience of the U.S. Flight Network
- 用复杂网络理论分析航路拓扑，发现枢纽主导的幂律分布特征。
- 关键枢纽遭攻击时，网络整体崩溃风险显著升高。
- 适合交通规划与航空安全研究者参考，尤其关注韧性设计。
航空旅行是美国最广泛使用的交通服务之一。本文基于复杂网络理论分析美国航班网络（USFN），探讨其拓扑结构如何影响效率与脆弱性。通过考察网络的结构特性、度分布及社区结构，发现USFN服从幂律分布且处于异常态，表明网络以枢纽为核心。相比随机网络，USFN具有更高的聚类系数和模块度。各类渗流测试显示，当主要枢纽机场失效时，网络极易发生完全级联故障。结果表明，尽管该网络设计高效，但对中断极为敏感。保护关键枢纽机场对提升网络鲁棒性、防止大规模失效至关重要。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Air travel is one of the most widely used transportation services in the United States. This paper analyzes the U.S. Flight Network (USFN) using complex network theory by exploring how the network's topology contributes to its efficiency and vulnerability. This is done by examining the structural properties, degree distributions, and community structures in the network. USFN was observed to follow power-law distribution and falls under the anomalous regime, suggesting that the network is hub dominant. Compared to null networks, USFN has a higher clustering coefficient and modularity. Various percolation test revealed that USFN is vulnerable to targeted attacks and is susceptible to complete cascading failure if one of the major hubs fails. The overall results suggest that while the USFN is designed for efficiency, it is highly vulnerable to disruptions. Protecting key hub airports is important to make the network more robust and prevent large-scale failures.
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