新型非穿戴式助立机器人精准复现自然起身轨迹,兼顾安全与个体适配。
Development of a non-wearable support robot capable of reproducing natural standing-up movements
- 融合可穿戴与非穿戴优势,用四连杆机构匹配人体关节结构
- 髋膝轨迹误差低于座椅总位移的4%,实现高保真复现
- 适合老年人康复训练,兼具安全性与个性化适配潜力
为复现自然起身动作,现有研究强调机器人与人体的协同。然而,多数非穿戴辅助装置难以精确复制自然运动轨迹。虽然可穿戴设备更贴合人体,但存在机械与电气安全隐患。为此,本文开发了一种新型非穿戴式助立机器人,结合两类系统的优点,旨在实现高协同性的同时保障安全。该装置采用四连杆机构,与人体关节结构对齐,以复现起身时髋部的S形轨迹和膝部的弧形轨迹。通过陀螺仪获取受试者特定轨迹数据,并据此确定连杆长度,使座椅沿最优路径移动。采用步进电机实现前馈速度控制,基于机构几何约束评估轨迹重现性。在座椅固定重物的承重实验中,验证了不同工况下的轨迹精度。结果表明,髋部与膝部轨迹的再现误差均保持在座椅总位移的约4%以内,表现出高保真度。此外,耐久性测试、热安全评估及风险分析证实系统适用于室内环境,可靠性与安全性良好。研究显示,该设计为适配个体生理特征的辅助技术提供了可行路径,具有老年护理与康复应用前景。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
To reproduce natural standing-up motion, recent studies have emphasized the importance of coordination between the assisting robot and the human. However, many non-wearable assistive devices have struggled to replicate natural motion trajectories. While wearable devices offer better coordination with the human body, they present challenges in completely isolating mechanical and electrical hazards. To address this, we developed a novel standing-assist robot that integrates features of both wearable and non-wearable systems, aiming to achieve high coordination while maintaining safety. The device employs a four-link mechanism aligned with the human joint structure, designed to reproduce the S-shaped trajectory of the hip and the arc trajectory of the knee during natural standing-up motion. Subject-specific trajectory data were obtained using a gyroscope, and the link lengths were determined to drive the seat along the optimal path. A feedforward speed control using a stepping motor was implemented, and the reproducibility of the trajectory was evaluated based on the geometric constraints of the mechanism. A load-bearing experiment with weights fixed to the seat was conducted to assess the trajectory accuracy under different conditions. Results showed that the reproduction errors for the hip and knee trajectories remained within approximately 4 percent of the seat's total displacement, demonstrating high fidelity to the target paths. In addition, durability testing, thermal safety evaluation, and risk assessment confirmed the reliability and safety of the system for indoor use. These findings suggest that the proposed design offers a promising approach for developing assistive technologies that adapt to individual physical characteristics, with potential applications in elderly care and rehabilitation.
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