arXiv:2505.12679cs.RO2025-05被引 5

用强化学习让机器人学会灵活带球,不依赖预设动作

Dribble Master: Learning Agile Humanoid Dribbling through Legged Locomotion

  • 分两阶段训练:先学走路,再练带球
  • 仿真中引入虚拟摄像头,提升真实感知能力
  • 适合对机器人足球或强化学习感兴趣的研究者

人类机器人带球是一项极具挑战性的任务,要求在动态平衡下实现灵巧的球控。传统基于规则的方法因依赖固定行走模式且难以适应实时球动而表现不佳。为此,我们提出一种两阶段课程学习框架,使机器人无需显式动力学模型或预设轨迹即可掌握带球技能。第一阶段学习基础行走能力;第二阶段微调策略以实现敏捷带球动作。我们在仿真中引入虚拟相机模型,模拟真实机器人视野与感知限制,实现训练期间的逼真球感知。同时设计启发式奖励机制,鼓励主动感知,扩大视觉覆盖范围以持续追踪球。策略在仿真中训练后成功部署至实体人类机器人。实验表明,该方法可实现有效球控,在多种环境中展现出灵活且视觉流畅的带球行为。本工作展示了强化学习在构建敏捷人形足球机器人方面的潜力。更多细节与视频见 https://zhuoheng0910.github.io/dribble-master/。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Humanoid soccer dribbling is a highly challenging task that demands dexterous ball manipulation while maintaining dynamic balance. Traditional rule-based methods often struggle to achieve accurate ball control due to their reliance on fixed walking patterns and limited adaptability to real-time ball dynamics. To address these challenges, we propose a two-stage curriculum learning framework that enables a humanoid robot to acquire dribbling skills without explicit dynamics or predefined trajectories. In the first stage, the robot learns basic locomotion skills; in the second stage, we fine-tune the policy for agile dribbling maneuvers. We further introduce a virtual camera model in simulation that simulates the field of view and perception constraints of the real robot, enabling realistic ball perception during training. We also design heuristic rewards to encourage active sensing, promoting a broader visual range for continuous ball perception. The policy is trained in simulation and successfully transferred to a physical humanoid robot. Experiment results demonstrate that our method enables effective ball manipulation, achieving flexible and visually appealing dribbling behaviors across multiple environments. This work highlights the potential of reinforcement learning in developing agile humanoid soccer robots. Additional details and videos are available at https://zhuoheng0910.github.io/dribble-master/.

人形机器人强化学习足球机器人仿真迁移

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