让预训练模型生成可理解的原型解释,兼具后验方法的通用性与先验方法的可解释性。
EPIC: Explanation of Pretrained Image Classification Networks via Prototype
- 基于预训练模型,用原型提取法生成直观解释
- 在CUB-200-2011、Stanford Cars和ImageNet上均表现良好
- 首个实现原生可解释模型核心能力的后验解释方法
可解释人工智能(XAI)方法主要分为两类:后验方法对预训练模型生成解释,兼容多种架构,但通常仅提供粗略的特征重要性可视化;而先验方法依赖专门设计的架构,通过从训练数据中提取代表性原型来提供清晰解释,但需重新训练且泛化能力受限。本文提出EPIC(Explanation of Pretrained Image Classification),首次实现无需修改架构的后验解释,却能复现先验方法的核心解释能力。EPIC在典型原型解释数据集(如CUB-200-2011、Stanford Cars)及大规模图像数据集(如ImageNet)上均有效,利用原型呈现模型决策依据,为用户提供灵活、易懂、高质量的解释工具。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Explainable AI (XAI) methods generally fall into two categories. Post-hoc approaches generate explanations for pre-trained models and are compatible with various neural network architectures. These methods often use feature importance visualizations, such as saliency maps, to indicate which input regions influenced the model's prediction. Unfortunately, they typically offer a coarse understanding of the model's decision-making process. In contrast, ante-hoc (inherently explainable) methods rely on specially designed model architectures trained from scratch. A notable subclass of these methods provides explanations through prototypes, representative patches extracted from the training data. However, prototype-based approaches have limitations: they require dedicated architectures, involve specialized training procedures, and perform well only on specific datasets. In this work, we propose EPIC (Explanation of Pretrained Image Classification), a novel approach that bridges the gap between these two paradigms. Like post-hoc methods, EPIC operates on pre-trained models without architectural modifications. Simultaneously, it delivers intuitive, prototype-based explanations inspired by ante-hoc techniques. To the best of our knowledge, EPIC is the first post-hoc method capable of fully replicating the core explanatory power of inherently interpretable models. We evaluate EPIC on benchmark datasets commonly used in prototype-based explanations, such as CUB-200-2011 and Stanford Cars, alongside large-scale datasets like ImageNet, typically employed by post-hoc methods. EPIC uses prototypes to explain model decisions, providing a flexible and easy-to-understand tool for creating clear, high-quality explanations.
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