arXiv:2505.13878cs.LGcs.CL2025-05NeurIPS被引 7

通过偏好优化实现多模型隐式融合,提升大模型综合能力。

InfiFPO: Implicit Model Fusion via Preference Optimization in Large Language Models

  • 用融合概率代替原始输出,保留更多模型信息
  • 在11个基准上将平均性能从79.95提升至83.33
  • 适合需要多模型协同的复杂任务场景

模型融合通过轻量训练将多个具备不同优势的大语言模型整合为更强的统一模型。现有研究主要聚焦于监督微调(SFT),而对提升大模型性能的关键阶段——偏好对齐(PA)关注不足。当前少数基于PA的融合方法(如WRPO)仅使用源模型的响应输出,忽略其概率信息。为此,我们提出InfiFPO,一种基于偏好优化的隐式模型融合方法。InfiFPO将直接偏好优化(DPO)中的参考模型替换为在序列层面合成多源概率的融合模型,避免了以往方法中复杂的词汇对齐挑战,同时保留概率信息。通过引入概率裁剪和最大间隔融合策略,使枢轴模型既能对齐人类偏好,又能有效提取源模型知识。在11个广泛使用的基准上的实验表明,InfiFPO持续优于现有模型融合与偏好优化方法。当以Phi-4作为枢轴模型时,其在11个基准上的平均性能从79.95提升至83.33,显著增强了数学、编程和推理能力。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Model fusion combines multiple Large Language Models (LLMs) with different strengths into a more powerful, integrated model through lightweight training methods. Existing works on model fusion focus primarily on supervised fine-tuning (SFT), leaving preference alignment (PA) --a critical phase for enhancing LLM performance--largely unexplored. The current few fusion methods on PA phase, like WRPO, simplify the process by utilizing only response outputs from source models while discarding their probability information. To address this limitation, we propose InfiFPO, a preference optimization method for implicit model fusion. InfiFPO replaces the reference model in Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) with a fused source model that synthesizes multi-source probabilities at the sequence level, circumventing complex vocabulary alignment challenges in previous works and meanwhile maintaining the probability information. By introducing probability clipping and max-margin fusion strategies, InfiFPO enables the pivot model to align with human preferences while effectively distilling knowledge from source models. Comprehensive experiments on 11 widely-used benchmarks demonstrate that InfiFPO consistently outperforms existing model fusion and preference optimization methods. When using Phi-4 as the pivot model, InfiFPO improve its average performance from 79.95 to 83.33 on 11 benchmarks, significantly improving its capabilities in mathematics, coding, and reasoning tasks.

模型融合偏好优化大模型Phi-4

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