arXiv:2505.14345cs.LGcs.AI2025-05ICML

用距离加权挑选关键样本,提升小样本分类效果

Enhancing Classification with Semi-Supervised Deep Learning Using Distance-Based Sample Weights

  • 按样本与测试数据距离远近加权,优先训练重要样本
  • 在12个数据集上准确率、召回率等指标均显著提升
  • 适合标注数据少、噪声多的医疗、安防场景

半监督深度学习近年发展迅速,有效利用标注与未标注数据提升分类性能。本文提出一种基于距离的加权框架,根据训练样本与测试数据的距离,动态调整其权重,优先关注对模型泛化最有帮助的样本。结合不确定性一致性与图结构表示等技术,该方法在标签数据有限时仍保持良好表现,尤其适用于噪声大或类别不平衡的数据。在12个基准数据集上的实验显示,该方法在准确率、精确率和召回率等关键指标上均显著优于现有方法,具备良好的可扩展性与实用性,适用于医疗、安全等数据受限领域。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Recent advancements in semi-supervised deep learning have introduced effective strategies for leveraging both labeled and unlabeled data to improve classification performance. This work proposes a semi-supervised framework that utilizes a distance-based weighting mechanism to prioritize critical training samples based on their proximity to test data. By focusing on the most informative examples, the method enhances model generalization and robustness, particularly in challenging scenarios with noisy or imbalanced datasets. Building on techniques such as uncertainty consistency and graph-based representations, the approach addresses key challenges of limited labeled data while maintaining scalability. Experiments on twelve benchmark datasets demonstrate significant improvements across key metrics, including accuracy, precision, and recall, consistently outperforming existing methods. This framework provides a robust and practical solution for semi-supervised learning, with potential applications in domains such as healthcare and security where data limitations pose significant challenges.

半监督学习样本加权分类优化

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