用向量空间构建真正形式化的本体论,让机器与人能互懂。
To Be or Not To Be: Vector ontologies as a truly formal ontological framework
- 以向量空间公理为基础,建立无内容、先验有效的形式本体框架。
- 证明现有本体论多非真正形式化,而向量本体可覆盖主流基础本体概念。
- 适合研究人机互懂、通用人工智能与信息系统的本体统一问题。
自胡塞尔提出“形式本体论”以来,该领域日益受关注。但经分析,所谓形式本体多不符合胡塞尔《逻辑研究》中“先验有效且无内容”的核心要求。本文主张将以往误称的形式本体重新定位为“基础本体”。真正符合胡塞尔标准的形式本体,可不依赖感知地刻画客观结构,并支持可扩展、可互操作的信息建构。本文提出,基于向量空间公理的向量本体能够表达大多数基础本体中的概念。更重要的是,许多信息系统(尤其是人工智能)已在内部使用类似向量本体来表征现实,人类亦如此。因此,应深入探究向量本体作为人机互操作本体框架的潜力,实现对复杂机器的理解,也让机器理解我们。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Since Edmund Husserl coined the term "Formal Ontologies" in the early 20th century, a field that identifies itself with this particular branch of sciences has gained increasing attention. Many authors, and even Husserl himself have developed what they claim to be formal ontologies. I argue that under close inspection, none of these so claimed formal ontologies are truly formal in the Husserlian sense. More concretely, I demonstrate that they violate the two most important notions of formal ontology as developed in Husserl's Logical Investigations, namely a priori validity independent of perception and formalism as the total absence of content. I hence propose repositioning the work previously understood as formal ontology as the foundational ontology it really is. This is to recognize the potential of a truly formal ontology in the Husserlian sense. Specifically, I argue that formal ontology following his conditions, allows us to formulate ontological structures, which could capture what is more objectively without presupposing a particular framework arising from perception. I further argue that the ability to design the formal structure deliberately allows us to create highly scalable and interoperable information artifacts. As concrete evidence, I showcase that a class of formal ontology, which uses the axioms of vector spaces, is able to express most of the conceptualizations found in foundational ontologies. Most importantly, I argue that many information systems, specifically artificial intelligence, are likely already using some type of vector ontologies to represent reality in their internal worldviews and elaborate on the evidence that humans do as well. I hence propose a thorough investigation of the ability of vector ontologies to act as a human-machine interoperable ontological framework that allows us to understand highly sophisticated machines and machines to understand us.
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