让生成器和验证器一起用强化学习训练,提升大模型推理能力。
RL Tango: Reinforcing Generator and Verifier Together for Language Reasoning
- 生成器与验证器交替强化学习,验证器为过程级生成式模型
- 在5个数学竞赛题和4个跨域任务上达到7B/8B模型最佳性能
- 尤其擅长解决高难度数学推理问题,适合需要强逻辑的场景
强化学习(RL)近年来成为提升大语言模型(LLM)推理能力的有效方法,通常由一个生成器作为策略,由验证器(奖励模型)进行指导。然而,现有基于RL的后训练方法多采用固定或通过监督微调(SFT)训练的验证器,易受奖励欺骗影响,泛化能力差。为此,我们提出Tango框架,通过交错式强化学习同时训练一个LLM生成器和一个验证器。核心创新在于使用基于强化学习训练的生成式过程级验证器,其仅依赖结果正确性奖励进行训练,无需显式的过程标注。该验证器相比确定性或SFT训练的验证器具备更强鲁棒性和更优泛化能力,与生成器形成有效互促。大量实验表明,Tango在7B/8B规模模型中均达到顶尖水平:生成器在五个竞赛级数学基准和四个挑战性跨域推理任务上表现最优;验证器在ProcessBench数据集上领先。尤其在最困难的数学推理问题上,两者均有显著提升。代码已开源:https://github.com/kaiwenzha/rl-tango。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Reinforcement learning (RL) has recently emerged as a compelling approach for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), where an LLM generator serves as a policy guided by a verifier (reward model). However, current RL post-training methods for LLMs typically use verifiers that are fixed (rule-based or frozen pretrained) or trained discriminatively via supervised fine-tuning (SFT). Such designs are susceptible to reward hacking and generalize poorly beyond their training distributions. To overcome these limitations, we propose Tango, a novel framework that uses RL to concurrently train both an LLM generator and a verifier in an interleaved manner. A central innovation of Tango is its generative, process-level LLM verifier, which is trained via RL and co-evolves with the generator. Importantly, the verifier is trained solely based on outcome-level verification correctness rewards without requiring explicit process-level annotations. This generative RL-trained verifier exhibits improved robustness and superior generalization compared to deterministic or SFT-trained verifiers, fostering effective mutual reinforcement with the generator. Extensive experiments demonstrate that both components of Tango achieve state-of-the-art results among 7B/8B-scale models: the generator attains best-in-class performance across five competition-level math benchmarks and four challenging out-of-domain reasoning tasks, while the verifier leads on the ProcessBench dataset. Remarkably, both components exhibit particularly substantial improvements on the most difficult mathematical reasoning problems. Code is at: https://github.com/kaiwenzha/rl-tango.
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