用大模型动态选最优弱智能,让多个弱代理变成更强的全能选手。
Multiple Weaks Win Single Strong: Large Language Models Ensemble Weak Reinforcement Learning Agents into a Supreme One
- 用大模型理解任务情境,按需动态切换最佳弱代理。
- 在Atari上比主流基线最高提升20.9%,效果显著。
- 兼容不同训练设置,提升可复现性与泛化能力。
模型集成是强化学习中训练高效智能体的有效方法。尽管强化学习广泛应用,但训练有效智能体仍面临诸多挑战,如算法选择、超参数设置及随机种子差异等,均会显著影响智能体性能。模型集成通过融合多个弱智能体,形成更强大的单一智能体以提升整体表现。然而,现有集成方法(如多数投票、Boltzmann加权)为固定策略,缺乏对具体任务的语义理解,限制了其适应性与效果。为此,我们提出LLM-Ens,一种利用大语言模型(LLM)驱动的任务特定语义理解增强的新型强化学习集成方法。给定任务后,首先设计一个LLM将状态划分为不同‘情境’,并结合任务条件的高层描述;随后统计各待集成智能体在每种情境下的优劣势。推理时,LLM-Ens动态识别当前任务情境,并切换至对应情境下表现最优的智能体,实现动态模型选择。该方法兼容不同随机种子、超参数设置和各类强化学习算法。在Atari基准上的大量实验表明,LLM-Ens显著提升了模型集成性能,超越知名基线最高达20.9%。代码已开源:https://anonymous.4open.science/r/LLM4RLensemble-F7EE。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Model ensemble is a useful approach in reinforcement learning (RL) for training effective agents. Despite wide success of RL, training effective agents remains difficult due to the multitude of factors requiring careful tuning, such as algorithm selection, hyperparameter settings, and even random seed choices, all of which can significantly influence an agent's performance. Model ensemble helps overcome this challenge by combining multiple weak agents into a single, more powerful one, enhancing overall performance. However, existing ensemble methods, such as majority voting and Boltzmann addition, are designed as fixed strategies and lack a semantic understanding of specific tasks, limiting their adaptability and effectiveness. To address this, we propose LLM-Ens, a novel approach that enhances RL model ensemble with task-specific semantic understandings driven by large language models (LLMs). Given a task, we first design an LLM to categorize states in this task into distinct 'situations', incorporating high-level descriptions of the task conditions. Then, we statistically analyze the strengths and weaknesses of each individual agent to be used in the ensemble in each situation. During the inference time, LLM-Ens dynamically identifies the changing task situation and switches to the agent that performs best in the current situation, ensuring dynamic model selection in the evolving task condition. Our approach is designed to be compatible with agents trained with different random seeds, hyperparameter settings, and various RL algorithms. Extensive experiments on the Atari benchmark show that LLM-Ens significantly improves the RL model ensemble, surpassing well-known baselines by up to 20.9%. For reproducibility, our code is open-source at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/LLM4RLensemble-F7EE.
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