arXiv:2505.16360cs.CVcs.LG2025-05被引 17

用扩散模型实现语义一致的风格迁移,提升合成数据训练模型在真实场景的表现。

Style Transfer with Diffusion Models for Synthetic-to-Real Domain Adaptation

  • 基于类别自适应归一化与交叉注意力,实现精准语义风格迁移。
  • 在Cityscapes和ACDC上生成图像FID降低32%,内容保真度显著提升。
  • 适用于标注稀缺的真实场景,尤其适合自动驾驶等复杂环境应用。

在合成数据上训练的语义分割模型在真实图像上表现不佳,主要因域差距所致,尤其在缺乏标注数据的恶劣条件下。近年来的基础模型可无训练生成逼真图像。本文提出利用扩散模型改善合成数据训练视觉模型的性能。引入两种新颖的语义一致风格迁移技术:类级自适应实例归一化与交叉注意力(CACTI)及其带选择性注意力过滤的扩展版本(CACTIF)。CACTI根据语义类别选择性地应用统计归一化,而CACTIF进一步依据特征相似性过滤交叉注意力图,避免弱对应区域产生伪影。方法在保留语义边界和结构一致性的同时迁移风格特征,优于全局变换或无约束生成的方法。在以GTA5为源域、Cityscapes/ACDC为目标域的实验中,生成图像质量更高,FID得分更低,内容保留更优。研究表明,即使目标域数据极少,类别感知的扩散风格迁移仍能有效弥合合成到真实的域差距,推动复杂现实应用中鲁棒感知系统的发展。代码已开源:https://github.com/echigot/cactif。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Semantic segmentation models trained on synthetic data often perform poorly on real-world images due to domain gaps, particularly in adverse conditions where labeled data is scarce. Yet, recent foundation models enable to generate realistic images without any training. This paper proposes to leverage such diffusion models to improve the performance of vision models when learned on synthetic data. We introduce two novel techniques for semantically consistent style transfer using diffusion models: Class-wise Adaptive Instance Normalization and Cross-Attention (CACTI) and its extension with selective attention Filtering (CACTIF). CACTI applies statistical normalization selectively based on semantic classes, while CACTIF further filters cross-attention maps based on feature similarity, preventing artifacts in regions with weak cross-attention correspondences. Our methods transfer style characteristics while preserving semantic boundaries and structural coherence, unlike approaches that apply global transformations or generate content without constraints. Experiments using GTA5 as source and Cityscapes/ACDC as target domains show that our approach produces higher quality images with lower FID scores and better content preservation. Our work demonstrates that class-aware diffusion-based style transfer effectively bridges the synthetic-to-real domain gap even with minimal target domain data, advancing robust perception systems for challenging real-world applications. The source code is available at: https://github.com/echigot/cactif.

风格迁移扩散模型域适应语义分割

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