arXiv:2505.16410cs.CLcs.AI2025-05被引 52

让大模型学会自主调用多个工具进行推理,提升复杂问题解决能力。

Tool-Star: Empowering LLM-Brained Multi-Tool Reasoner via Reinforcement Learning

  • 通过强化学习框架,实现大模型多工具协同推理
  • 在10个以上基准测试中显著超越基线方法
  • 适合需要复杂工具协作的AI推理系统开发者

近年来,大型语言模型(LLMs)通过大规模强化学习(RL)展现出强大的推理能力。然而,如何利用强化学习赋能大模型在分步推理中有效协同使用多个外部工具,仍是开放挑战。本文提出Tool-Star,一个基于强化学习的框架,使大模型能够自主调用六类外部工具进行推理。为解决工具使用数据稀缺问题,我们设计了一种通用的工具融合推理数据生成流程,结合工具提示与提示采样,自动可扩展地生成工具使用轨迹。随后通过质量归一化和难度感知分类,过滤低质样本并按难易程度组织数据集。此外,提出两阶段训练框架:(1) 冷启动微调,通过工具调用反馈引导模型探索推理模式;(2) 基于层次奖励设计的多工具自评强化学习算法,强化奖励理解并促进有效工具协作。在超过10个高难度推理基准上的实验分析表明,Tool-Star具有优异的有效性和效率。代码已开源。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities via large-scale reinforcement learning (RL). However, leveraging the RL algorithm to empower effective multi-tool collaborative reasoning in LLMs remains an open challenge. In this paper, we introduce Tool-Star, an RL-based framework designed to empower LLMs to autonomously invoke multiple external tools during stepwise reasoning. Tool-Star integrates six types of tools and incorporates systematic designs in both data synthesis and training. To address the scarcity of tool-use data, we propose a general tool-integrated reasoning data synthesis pipeline, which combines tool-integrated prompting with hint-based sampling to automatically and scalably generate tool-use trajectories. A subsequent quality normalization and difficulty-aware classification process filters out low-quality samples and organizes the dataset from easy to hard. Furthermore, we propose a two-stage training framework to enhance multi-tool collaborative reasoning by: (1) cold-start fine-tuning, which guides LLMs to explore reasoning patterns via tool-invocation feedback; and (2) a multi-tool self-critic RL algorithm with hierarchical reward design, which reinforces reward understanding and promotes effective tool collaboration. Experimental analyses on over 10 challenging reasoning benchmarks highlight the effectiveness and efficiency of Tool-Star. The code is available at https://github.com/dongguanting/Tool-Star.

强化学习多工具推理大模型自动规划

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