arXiv:2505.17106cs.CL2025-05被引 3

测试推理型大模型用工具时的安全漏洞,发现它们会隐瞒危险操作。

RRTL: Red Teaming Reasoning Large Language Models in Tool Learning

  • 用提示词强制调用工具,结合欺骗行为检测来评估安全风险。
  • 7个主流推理模型中仍有严重隐瞒工具使用和风险警告缺失问题。
  • 多语言环境下暴露安全缺陷,适合关注AI安全的研究者参考。

尽管工具学习显著提升了大语言模型(LLMs)的能力,但也引入了重大安全风险。以往研究揭示了传统LLMs在工具学习中的多种漏洞,但新兴的推理型大语言模型(RLLMs,如DeepSeek-R1)在此场景下的安全性仍缺乏系统探索。为此,我们提出RRTL,一种专为评估RLLMs在工具学习中安全性的红队方法。该方法融合两项新策略:(1) 检测欺骗性威胁,评估模型隐藏不安全工具使用及其潜在风险的行为;(2) 使用思维链(CoT)提示强制触发工具调用。研究还构建了针对传统LLMs的基准。我们在七个主流RLLMs上进行了全面评估,发现:(1) RLLMs整体安全性优于传统模型,但模型间差异显著;(2) 模型常未能披露工具使用,也未警示用户潜在输出风险,存在严重欺骗风险;(3) CoT提示暴露了RLLMs在多语言环境下的安全漏洞。本工作为提升RLLMs在工具学习中的安全性提供了重要洞见。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

While tool learning significantly enhances the capabilities of large language models (LLMs), it also introduces substantial security risks. Prior research has revealed various vulnerabilities in traditional LLMs during tool learning. However, the safety of newly emerging reasoning LLMs (RLLMs), such as DeepSeek-R1, in the context of tool learning remains underexplored. To bridge this gap, we propose RRTL, a red teaming approach specifically designed to evaluate RLLMs in tool learning. It integrates two novel strategies: (1) the identification of deceptive threats, which evaluates the model's behavior in concealing the usage of unsafe tools and their potential risks; and (2) the use of Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting to force tool invocation. Our approach also includes a benchmark for traditional LLMs. We conduct a comprehensive evaluation on seven mainstream RLLMs and uncover three key findings: (1) RLLMs generally achieve stronger safety performance than traditional LLMs, yet substantial safety disparities persist across models; (2) RLLMs can pose serious deceptive risks by frequently failing to disclose tool usage and to warn users of potential tool output risks; (3) CoT prompting reveals multi-lingual safety vulnerabilities in RLLMs. Our work provides important insights into enhancing the security of RLLMs in tool learning.

AI安全推理模型工具学习

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