arXiv:2505.17155cs.LGcs.AI2025-05被引 16

不需训练的推理压缩框架,让大模型高效思考

TrimR: Verifier-based Training-Free Thinking Compression for Efficient Test-Time Scaling

  • 用轻量验证器动态识别并裁剪冗余推理步骤
  • 在多个数学竞赛题上提速最高达70%且准确率几乎不变
  • 适合需要高吞吐推理的工业部署场景

大型推理模型(LRMs)通过扩展思维链(CoT)在复杂数学、逻辑和编程任务中表现优异。测试时扩展方法如延长CoT并进行显式词元级探索虽可提升准确率,但带来显著解码开销。关键问题在于,LRMs常生成冗余的思维过程,表现出明显的结构性过度思考与思考不足模式。受人类认知和数值优化理论启发,我们提出TrimR:一种基于验证器、无需训练的高效动态CoT压缩框架,专为生产环境设计。该方法采用轻量级预训练指令微调验证器,无需对主模型或验证器进行微调,即可检测并截断主模型冗余中间思考。我们同时提出核心算法与异步在线系统,支持高吞吐工业应用。在Ascend NPUs和vLLM上的实证评估显示,在大规模批量负载下,本框架显著提升推理效率。特别地,在MATH500、AIME24、AIME25和GPQA四个基准上,Pangu Pro MoE、Pangu-R-38B、QwQ-32B和DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-32B的推理时间最多缩短70%,准确率影响可忽略。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) demonstrate exceptional capability in tackling complex mathematical, logical, and coding tasks by leveraging extended Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. Test-time scaling methods, such as prolonging CoT with explicit token-level exploration, can push LRMs' accuracy boundaries, but they incur significant decoding overhead. A key inefficiency source is LRMs often generate redundant thinking CoTs, which demonstrate clear structured overthinking and underthinking patterns. Inspired by human cognitive reasoning processes and numerical optimization theories, we propose TrimR, a verifier-based, training-free, efficient framework for dynamic CoT compression to trim reasoning and enhance test-time scaling, explicitly tailored for production-level deployment. Our method employs a lightweight, pretrained, instruction-tuned verifier to detect and truncate redundant intermediate thoughts of LRMs without any LRM or verifier fine-tuning. We present both the core algorithm and asynchronous online system engineered for high-throughput industrial applications. Empirical evaluations on Ascend NPUs and vLLM show that our framework delivers substantial gains in inference efficiency under large-batch workloads. In particular, on the four MATH500, AIME24, AIME25, and GPQA benchmarks, the reasoning runtime of Pangu Pro MoE, Pangu-R-38B, QwQ-32B, and DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-32B is improved by up to 70% with negligible impact on accuracy.

推理压缩高效推理思维链

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