arXiv:2505.17964cs.CL2025-05被引 5

用AI辅助推导高效计算高阶环计数的公式,让复杂统计变得可行。

Counting Cycles with AI: Counting Cycles with AI: Computationally Efficient Equivalent Forms with Applications

  • 结合图论与人工智能,将环计数转化为有限项线性组合。
  • 首次获得任意阶环计数的高效等价形式,可处理大规模数据。
  • 适合做网络分析、矩阵推断和信号检测的研究者使用。

环计数统计是统计学与工程中的基础工具,广泛应用于基序计数、信道编码及网络与矩阵数据的统计推断。然而,如何高效计算高阶环计数仍是未解难题。本文旨在为任意阶环计数统计推导计算高效的等价形式(CEEF),即将其等价表示为有限项的线性组合。借助CEEF,可大幅提高环计数统计的计算效率。该问题无通用解法,需精细的组合论证与大量计算。虽人类难以独立完成,但为人工智能提供了理想应用场景。我们通过结合自推定理与现代AI的强大编码能力解决此问题。结果基于图论论证,给出了此前未知的一般性公式。尽管AI无法独立求解,但在人类提供定理、清晰推导策略、分步指令与精心设计提示的情况下,其效能显著提升。我们探讨了多个统计应用,包括带刺矩阵检验、弱刺特征值估计及成对网络比较。在每项任务中,均证明使用高阶环计数统计可实现最优性能,而我们的CEEF公式使其在大规模数据上成为可能。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Cycle count statistics are fundamental tools in statistics and engineering, with applications in motif counting, channel coding, and statistical inference of network and matrix data. However, how to compute high-order cycle count statistics efficiently is still an open problem. In this paper, we aim to derive Computationally Efficient Equivalent Forms (CEEF) for cycle count statistics of any given order, where we express each cycle count statistic equivalently as a linear combination of finitely many terms. Using the CEEF, we provide a much more efficient way to compute the cycle count statistics. The CEEF problem has no known general solution and requires delicate combinatorial arguments together with extensive calculations. While this task is hard to accomplish by humans alone, it provides an ideal setting in which Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be useful. We solve the problem by combining several theorems we derive with powerful coding skills of modern AI systems. Our results leverage graph-theoretic arguments and yield new formulas for general cases that were previously unknown. We find that, although AI cannot solve the problem independently, it becomes highly effective when guided by humans through theorems we derive as well as a clear derivation strategy, step-by-step instructions, and carefully-written prompts. We consider several statistical applications, including spiked matrix testing, estimation of weak spike eigenvalues, and pairwise network comparison. For each problem, we demonstrate that optimal statistical performance is achieved by using high-order cycle count statistics, and our CEEF formulas make their computation feasible on large-scale data sets.

环计数图论统计推断AI辅助

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