提出新方法提升心电与心音耦合信号在噪声下的稳定性,助力真实场景心脏病检测。
NMCSE: Noise-Robust Multi-Modal Coupling Signal Estimation Method via Optimal Transport for Cardiovascular Disease Detection
- 将耦合信号估计转化为最优传输下的分布匹配问题,同时对齐幅值与时间。
- 在两个真实噪声数据集上均优于现有方法,准确率显著提升。
- 适合临床心电/心音多模态分析、可穿戴设备心脏监测等实际应用。
耦合信号是表征心电图(ECG)电兴奋到心音图(PCG)机械收缩转换的潜在生理信号,编码了电生理与血流动力学事件间的时序与功能关联,作为多模态内在连接,为心脏功能提供统一表示,在多模态心血管疾病(CVD)检测中具有重要潜力。然而,现有方法对噪声高度敏感,尤其在真实临床与生理环境中,严重削弱其鲁棒性与实用性。本文提出噪声鲁棒的多模态耦合信号估计方法(NMCSE),将耦合信号估计重构为通过最优传输求解的分布匹配问题。通过联合对齐幅度与时间,避免噪声放大,实现稳定信号估计。将该信号引入时-空特征提取(TSFE)网络后,显著增强多模态融合效果,提升CVD检测精度。为评估真实条件下的鲁棒性,设计两项互补实验:其一使用模拟医院噪声的PhysioNet 2016数据集,测试临床干扰下的抗扰能力;其二利用含运动诱导生理噪声的EPHNOGRAM数据集,评估不同活动水平下的状态内估计稳定性。结果表明,NMCSE在两种噪声场景下均持续优于现有方法,验证了其在真实环境中的可靠多模态心脏检测能力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
The coupling signal refers to a latent physiological signal that characterizes the transformation from cardiac electrical excitation, captured by the electrocardiogram (ECG), to mechanical contraction, recorded by the phonocardiogram (PCG). By encoding the temporal and functional interplay between electrophysiological and hemodynamic events, it serves as an intrinsic link between modalities and offers a unified representation of cardiac function, with strong potential to enhance multi-modal cardiovascular disease (CVD) detection. However, existing coupling signal estimation methods remain highly vulnerable to noise, particularly in real-world clinical and physiological settings, which undermines their robustness and limits practical value. In this study, we propose Noise-Robust Multi-Modal Coupling Signal Estimation (NMCSE), which reformulates coupling signal estimation as a distribution matching problem solved via optimal transport. By jointly aligning amplitude and timing, NMCSE avoids noise amplification and enables stable signal estimation. When integrated into a Temporal-Spatial Feature Extraction (TSFE) network, the estimated coupling signal effectively enhances multi-modal fusion for more accurate CVD detection. To evaluate robustness under real-world conditions, we design two complementary experiments targeting distinct sources of noise. The first uses the PhysioNet 2016 dataset with simulated hospital noise to assess the resilience of NMCSE to clinical interference. The second leverages the EPHNOGRAM dataset with motion-induced physiological noise to evaluate intra-state estimation stability across activity levels. Experimental results show that NMCSE consistently outperforms existing methods under both clinical and physiological noise, highlighting it as a noise-robust estimation approach that enables reliable multi-modal cardiac detection in real-world conditions.
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