arXiv:2505.18738cs.LG2025-05NeurIPS被引 26

AuroRA用非线性层突破LoRA的低秩瓶颈,参数少却性能更强。

AuroRA: Breaking Low-Rank Bottleneck of LoRA with Nonlinear Mapping

  • 在两个线性投影间加入自适应非线性层,构建类MLP结构
  • 仅用6.18%~25%参数即达到全量微调性能,优于现有方法10.88%
  • 适合追求高效微调且需强表达能力的研究者和工程师

低秩适配(LoRA)是广泛应用于自然语言处理与计算机视觉领域的参数高效微调方法。然而,其固有的低秩瓶颈限制了性能提升:缩小与全量微调的差距需提高参数矩阵秩,带来显著参数开销。近期线性变体虽通过引入额外线性映射增强表达力,但其组合仍为线性,无法根本提升表示能力。为此,我们提出AuroRA,通过在两个线性投影间引入自适应非线性层(ANL),捕捉固定与可学习的非线性特性。该结构形成压缩秩的类MLP架构,能灵活精准逼近多种目标函数,理论保证更低近似误差与有界梯度。在22个数据集和6个预训练模型上的实验表明,AuroRA:(I) 仅使用6.18%~25%的LoRA参数即可匹配或超越全量微调性能;(II) 在NLP与CV任务中相较先进PEFT方法最高提升10.88%;(III) 在不同秩配置下均表现稳健。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a widely adopted parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) method validated across NLP and CV domains. However, LoRA faces an inherent low-rank bottleneck: narrowing its performance gap with full finetuning requires increasing the rank of its parameter matrix, resulting in significant parameter overhead. Recent linear LoRA variants have attempted to enhance expressiveness by introducing additional linear mappings; however, their composition remains inherently linear and fails to fundamentally improve LoRA's representational capacity. To address this limitation, we propose AuroRA, which incorporates an Adaptive Nonlinear Layer (ANL) between two linear projectors to capture fixed and learnable nonlinearities. This combination forms an MLP-like structure with a compressed rank, enabling flexible and precise approximation of diverse target functions while theoretically guaranteeing lower approximation errors and bounded gradients. Extensive experiments on 22 datasets and 6 pretrained models demonstrate that AuroRA: (I) not only matches or surpasses full fine-tuning performance with only 6.18% ~ 25% of LoRA's parameters but also (II) outperforms competitive PEFT methods by up to 10.88% in both NLP and CV tasks, and (III) exhibits robust performance across various rank configurations.

LoRA非线性参数高效

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