arXiv:2505.18943cs.CL2025-05NeurIPS被引 12

用多智能体模拟人类心理理论,让AI更懂人心。

MetaMind: Modeling Human Social Thoughts with Metacognitive Multi-Agent Systems

  • 分三阶段协作:猜意图、守道德、出回应
  • 社会场景表现提升35.7%,心理推理进步6.2%
  • 首次让AI在关键心理任务上媲美人类

人类社交依赖于推断他人未言明的意图、情绪与信念——这一认知能力源于心理学中的心理理论(ToM)。尽管大语言模型在语义理解上表现优异,但在人际沟通的模糊性与情境复杂性面前仍显不足。为此,我们提出MetaMind,一个受元认知理论启发的多智能体框架,旨在模拟类人社交推理。该框架将社交理解分解为三个协同阶段:(1) 心理理论智能体生成用户心智状态(如意图、情绪)的假设;(2) 道德智能体基于文化规范与伦理约束优化这些假设;(3) 回应智能体生成符合语境的回复,并验证其与推断意图的一致性。该框架在三个挑战性基准上达到当前最优表现,真实社交场景中性能提升35.7%,心理理论推理提升6.2%。尤为关键的是,它首次使大语言模型在关键心理理论任务上达到人类水平。消融实验验证了各组件必要性,展现出对情境合理性、社会适宜性和用户适应性的良好平衡。本研究推动AI向类人社交智能迈进,适用于共情对话与跨文化敏感交互。代码已开源:https://github.com/XMZhangAI/MetaMind。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Human social interactions depend on the ability to infer others' unspoken intentions, emotions, and beliefs-a cognitive skill grounded in the psychological concept of Theory of Mind (ToM). While large language models (LLMs) excel in semantic understanding tasks, they struggle with the ambiguity and contextual nuance inherent in human communication. To bridge this gap, we introduce MetaMind, a multi-agent framework inspired by psychological theories of metacognition, designed to emulate human-like social reasoning. MetaMind decomposes social understanding into three collaborative stages: (1) a Theory-of-Mind Agent generates hypotheses about user mental states (e.g., intent, emotion), (2) a Moral Agent refines these hypotheses using cultural norms and ethical constraints, and (3) a Response Agent generates contextually appropriate responses while validating alignment with inferred intent. Our framework achieves state-of-the-art performance across three challenging benchmarks, with 35.7% improvement in real-world social scenarios and 6.2% gain in ToM reasoning. Notably, it enables LLMs to match human-level performance on key ToM tasks for the first time. Ablation studies confirm the necessity of all components, which showcase the framework's ability to balance contextual plausibility, social appropriateness, and user adaptation. This work advances AI systems toward human-like social intelligence, with applications in empathetic dialogue and culturally sensitive interactions. Code is available at https://github.com/XMZhangAI/MetaMind.

心理理论多智能体社交推理大模型

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