提出新模型与启动策略,实现双足机器人实时稳定步态控制。
Real-time Whole-body Model Predictive Control for Bipedal Locomotion with a Novel Kino-dynamic Model and Warm-start Method
- 融合倒立摆与运动学的新动力学模型,降低计算开销。
- 使用轻量神经网络提供初始猜测,加速求解收敛。
- 支持扰动鲁棒性,适合真实机器人实时行走控制。
优化求解器和计算能力的进步推动了全身体型模型预测控制(WB-MPC)在双足机器人中的应用。然而,双足机器人高自由度和复杂模型带来的挑战使得实现实时、稳定的控制周期十分困难。本文提出一种新型的运动学-动力学模型及热启动策略,用于双足机器人的实时WB-MPC。所提模型结合线性倒立摆加飞轮与全肢体运动学,不同于依赖接触力矩的传统全身体模型,采用零力矩点(ZMP)建模,显著降低基线计算成本,并确保接触状态切换时低延迟。此外,设计了一种模块化多层感知机(MLP)热启动策略,利用轻量神经网络为每周期提供良好初始解。进一步提出了基于ZMP的全身体控制器(WBC),显式控制冲量与ZMP,集成至实时WB-MPC框架。通过多种对比实验验证,该方法优于现有研究。仿真与真实机器人实验表明,所提框架具备强抗扰性,满足行走过程中的实时控制需求。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Advancements in optimization solvers and computing power have led to growing interest in applying whole-body model predictive control (WB-MPC) to bipedal robots. However, the high degrees of freedom and inherent model complexity of bipedal robots pose significant challenges in achieving fast and stable control cycles for real-time performance. This paper introduces a novel kino-dynamic model and warm-start strategy for real-time WB-MPC in bipedal robots. Our proposed kino-dynamic model combines the linear inverted pendulum plus flywheel and full-body kinematics model. Unlike the conventional whole-body model that rely on the concept of contact wrenches, our model utilizes the zero-moment point (ZMP), reducing baseline computational costs and ensuring consistently low latency during contact state transitions. Additionally, a modularized multi-layer perceptron (MLP) based warm-start strategy is proposed, leveraging a lightweight neural network to provide a good initial guess for each control cycle. Furthermore, we present a ZMP-based whole-body controller (WBC) that extends the existing WBC for explicitly controlling impulses and ZMP, integrating it into the real-time WB-MPC framework. Through various comparative experiments, the proposed kino-dynamic model and warm-start strategy have been shown to outperform previous studies. Simulations and real robot experiments further validate that the proposed framework demonstrates robustness to perturbation and satisfies real-time control requirements during walking.
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