arXiv:2505.19892cs.AI2025-05被引 6

提出首个多模态大模型合并基准,实现跨模态能力融合。

OptMerge: Unifying Multimodal LLM Capabilities and Modalities via Model Merging

  • 构建多模态大模型合并基准,涵盖视觉问答等五类任务。
  • 新方法通过去噪优化任务向量,平均性能提升2.48%。
  • 无需训练数据即可融合多模态能力,适合模型集成场景。

基础模型因训练资源消耗大而更新缓慢,而领域专用模型则在版本间快速迭代。模型合并旨在将多个专家模型融合为单一更强大的模型,降低存储与部署成本,支持分布式开发。尽管前景广阔,此前研究主要集中在视觉分类模型或用于代码与数学任务的大型语言模型(LLMs)的合并。近期,通过大规模多模态训练扩展的多模态大模型(MLLMs)逐渐兴起。然而,缺乏明确划分训练与评估任务的模型合并基准。本文首先(i)提出面向MLLMs的模型合并基准,包含视觉问答(VQA)、几何、图表、文字识别(OCR)和定位(Grounding)等任务,涵盖LoRA与全微调模型;并探索如何合并不同模态(如视觉-语言、音频-语言、视频-语言)模型,迈向全能语言模型。其次(ii)在该基准上实现10种模型合并算法,并提出一种新方法:通过基于任务向量交互定义的损失函数去除噪声并稳健优化合并向量,平均性能提升2.48%。第三(iii)发现模型合并可在不依赖训练数据的情况下有效提升MLLM性能,且多模态互补性优于单一模态。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Foundation models update slowly due to resource-intensive training, whereas domain-specific models evolve rapidly between releases. Model merging seeks to combine multiple expert models into a single, more capable model, reducing storage and serving costs while supporting decentralized development. Despite its potential, previous studies have primarily focused on merging visual classification models or Large Language Models (LLMs) for code and math tasks. Recently, Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) that extend LLMs through large-scale multimodal training have gained traction. However, there lacks a benchmark for model merging research that clearly divides the tasks for MLLM training and evaluation. In this paper, $\textbf{(i)}$ we introduce a model merging benchmark for MLLMs, which includes multiple tasks such as VQA, Geometry, Chart, OCR, and Grounding, studying both LoRA and full fine-tuning models. Moreover, we explore how model merging can combine different modalities (e.g., vision-language, audio-language, and video-language models), moving toward the Omni-language model. $\textbf{(ii)}$ We implement 10 model merging algorithms on the benchmark. Furthermore, we propose a novel method that removes noise from task vectors and robustly optimizes the merged vector based on a loss defined over task vector interactions, achieving an average performance gain of 2.48%. $\textbf{(iii)}$ We find that model merging offers a promising way for building improved MLLMs without requiring training data. Our results also demonstrate that the complementarity among multiple modalities outperforms individual modalities.

多模态模型合并大模型融合

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