arXiv:2505.20225cs.CLcs.LG2025-05被引 4

开源可复现的MoE语言模型研究平台,助力高效探索专家机制。

FLAME-MoE: A Transparent End-to-End Research Platform for Mixture-of-Experts Language Models

  • 构建从模型到训练全链路开源的MoE平台,支持端到端实验。
  • 在6项任务上平均准确率提升3.4点,与密集模型同算力下表现更优。
  • 透明追踪训练过程,揭示专家分工、稀疏激活与路由稳定规律。

近年来,Gemini-1.5、DeepSeek-V3 和 Llama-4 等大模型越来越多采用混合专家(MoE)架构,通过每令牌仅激活部分专家实现高效与性能的平衡。然而学术界仍缺乏完全开放、端到端的 MoE 研究平台以探究扩展性、路由机制与专家行为。本文发布 FLAME-MoE,一个完全开源的研究套件,包含七个解码器仅模型,活跃参数量从38M到1.7B不等,其架构——64个专家配合顶8门控和2个共享专家——紧密贴近现代生产级LLM。所有训练数据管道、脚本、日志及检查点均公开,支持可复现实验。在六项评估任务中,FLAME-MoE 在与密集基线相同计算量(FLOPs)下,平均准确率最高提升3.4个百分点。借助完整的训练轨迹透明性,我们初步分析发现:(i) 专家逐渐对不同词元子集实现专业化;(ii) 共激活矩阵保持稀疏,反映专家使用多样化;(iii) 路由行为在训练早期即趋于稳定。所有代码、训练日志与模型检查点可在 https://github.com/cmu-flame/FLAME-MoE 获取。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Recent large language models such as Gemini-1.5, DeepSeek-V3, and Llama-4 increasingly adopt Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures, which offer strong efficiency-performance trade-offs by activating only a fraction of the model per token. Yet academic researchers still lack a fully open, end-to-end MoE platform for investigating scaling, routing, and expert behavior. We release FLAME-MoE, a completely open-source research suite composed of seven decoder-only models, ranging from 38M to 1.7B active parameters, whose architecture--64 experts with top-8 gating and 2 shared experts--closely reflects modern production LLMs. All training data pipelines, scripts, logs, and checkpoints are publicly available to enable reproducible experimentation. Across six evaluation tasks, FLAME-MoE improves average accuracy by up to 3.4 points over dense baselines trained with identical FLOPs. Leveraging full training trace transparency, we present initial analyses showing that (i) experts increasingly specialize on distinct token subsets, (ii) co-activation matrices remain sparse, reflecting diverse expert usage, and (iii) routing behavior stabilizes early in training. All code, training logs, and model checkpoints are available at https://github.com/cmu-flame/FLAME-MoE.

MoE语言模型开源平台可复现

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