arXiv:2505.20765cs.LG2025-05KDD被引 8

通过多类伪异常增强,提升时间序列异常检测的鲁棒性与可解释性。

Robust and Explainable Detector of Time Series Anomaly via Augmenting Multiclass Pseudo-Anomalies

  • 用多样数据增强生成多类伪异常,覆盖更广异常模式。
  • 采用软标签训练,避免模型对异常过度自信,抗污染能力强。
  • 学习到的隐空间天然可解释,适合需要可信诊断的场景。

时间序列无监督异常检测是长期研究重点。现有方法通常基于正常模式学习,假设训练集样本大多为正常。但训练集中的异常(即异常污染)会误导模型。近期研究通过数据增强生成伪异常,学习训练样本与增强样本之间的边界。然而该方法存在局限:(1) 难以覆盖广泛的时间序列异常类型;(2) 忽视与正常样本相似的增强样本(即误判异常);(3) 过度依赖训练与增强样本的标签。为此,我们提出 RedLamp,利用多样化数据增强生成多类伪异常,并学习多类边界。多类伪异常能覆盖多种异常形态。通过软标签进行多分类,防止模型过拟合,提升对污染或误判异常的鲁棒性。学习到的隐空间天然可解释,因模型被训练区分不同类伪异常。大量实验验证了 RedLamp 在异常检测中的有效性及其对异常污染的鲁棒性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Unsupervised anomaly detection in time series has been a pivotal research area for decades. Current mainstream approaches focus on learning normality, on the assumption that all or most of the samples in the training set are normal. However, anomalies in the training set (i.e., anomaly contamination) can be misleading. Recent studies employ data augmentation to generate pseudo-anomalies and learn the boundary separating the training samples from the augmented samples. Although this approach mitigates anomaly contamination if augmented samples mimic unseen real anomalies, it suffers from several limitations. (1) Covering a wide range of time series anomalies is challenging. (2) It disregards augmented samples that resemble normal samples (i.e., false anomalies). (3) It places too much trust in the labels of training and augmented samples. In response, we propose RedLamp, which employs diverse data augmentations to generate multiclass pseudo-anomalies and learns the multiclass boundary. Such multiclass pseudo-anomalies cover a wide variety of time series anomalies. We conduct multiclass classification using soft labels, which prevents the model from being overconfident and ensures its robustness against contaminated/false anomalies. The learned latent space is inherently explainable as it is trained to separate pseudo-anomalies into multiclasses. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of RedLamp in anomaly detection and its robustness against anomaly contamination.

异常检测时间序列可解释性鲁棒性

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