arXiv:2505.20922cs.MAcs.AI2025-05NeurIPS被引 12

用扩散模型思路重构多智能体环境建模,提升学习效率与准确性。

Revisiting Multi-Agent World Modeling from a Diffusion-Inspired Perspective

  • 分步建模各智能体状态,降低联合动作空间复杂度
  • 在MAMuJoCo和Bi-DexHands上显著优于现有世界模型
  • 适合追求高效多智能体强化学习的研究者

世界模型近年来在多智能体强化学习(MARL)中受到关注,因其能提升策略学习的样本效率。然而,由于联合动作空间指数级增长及多智能体系统固有的高不确定性,准确建模环境极具挑战。为此,我们通过将建模重点从整体状态-动作转移动态转向单个时间步的状态空间,降低建模复杂度。具体而言,采用序列化智能体建模方式,使模型逐步消除不确定性并捕捉智能体间的结构化依赖关系,更准确地刻画智能体对状态的影响。有趣的是,这一多智能体系统中智能体动作的逐步揭示过程,恰好对应于扩散模型的逆向过程——一种表达能力强、训练稳定的生成模型。基于此洞察,我们构建了灵活且鲁棒的扩散模型驱动的多智能体世界模型(DIMA)。DIMA在多个多智能体控制基准测试中达到最先进性能,显著优于以往世界模型,在最终回报和样本效率方面均表现突出,包括MAMuJoCo和Bi-DexHands。该工作为构建多智能体世界模型建立了新范式,推动了MARL研究前沿。代码已开源:https://github.com/breez3young/DIMA。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

World models have recently attracted growing interest in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) due to their ability to improve sample efficiency for policy learning. However, accurately modeling environments in MARL is challenging due to the exponentially large joint action space and highly uncertain dynamics inherent in multi-agent systems. To address this, we reduce modeling complexity by shifting from jointly modeling the entire state-action transition dynamics to focusing on the state space alone at each timestep through sequential agent modeling. Specifically, our approach enables the model to progressively resolve uncertainty while capturing the structured dependencies among agents, providing a more accurate representation of how agents influence the state. Interestingly, this sequential revelation of agents' actions in a multi-agent system aligns with the reverse process in diffusion models--a class of powerful generative models known for their expressiveness and training stability compared to autoregressive or latent variable models. Leveraging this insight, we develop a flexible and robust world model for MARL using diffusion models. Our method, Diffusion-Inspired Multi-Agent world model (DIMA), achieves state-of-the-art performance across multiple multi-agent control benchmarks, significantly outperforming prior world models in terms of final return and sample efficiency, including MAMuJoCo and Bi-DexHands. DIMA establishes a new paradigm for constructing multi-agent world models, advancing the frontier of MARL research. Codes are open-sourced at https://github.com/breez3young/DIMA.

多智能体扩散模型世界模型强化学习

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