用强化学习自动设计文生图流程,提升质量与多样性。
Policy Optimized Text-to-Image Pipeline Design
- 用奖励模型直接预测图文组合质量,省去训练时反复生成图像
- 分两阶段优化流程:先学词汇表,再用GRPO找优质流程配置
- 结合无分类器引导扩展,可生成更高质量的新流程,适合研发人员
文生图技术已从单一模型演变为复杂的多组件流水线,整合微调生成器、适配模块、超分辨率块甚至编辑步骤,显著提升图像质量。但高效设计需大量经验。现有基于大语言模型的自动化方法存在两大缺陷:训练时需生成数百个预定义流水线的图像,计算开销大;泛化能力差,仅能记忆训练样本。本文提出一种基于强化学习的新框架,首先训练一组奖励模型,可直接从提示-流程组合预测图像质量得分,避免训练期间昂贵的图像生成。随后采用两阶段训练策略:先进行流程词汇表训练,再通过GRPO优化引导模型进入性能更优的流程空间区域。此外,引入基于无分类器引导的增强技术,沿初始模型与GRPO优化模型之间的路径外推,进一步提升输出质量。我们在一系列对比实验中验证了该方法的有效性,结果表明其能成功生成更具多样性的新流程,并在图像质量上优于现有基线。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Text-to-image generation has evolved beyond single monolithic models to complex multi-component pipelines. These combine fine-tuned generators, adapters, upscaling blocks and even editing steps, leading to significant improvements in image quality. However, their effective design requires substantial expertise. Recent approaches have shown promise in automating this process through large language models (LLMs), but they suffer from two critical limitations: extensive computational requirements from generating images with hundreds of predefined pipelines, and poor generalization beyond memorized training examples. We introduce a novel reinforcement learning-based framework that addresses these inefficiencies. Our approach first trains an ensemble of reward models capable of predicting image quality scores directly from prompt-workflow combinations, eliminating the need for costly image generation during training. We then implement a two-phase training strategy: initial workflow vocabulary training followed by GRPO-based optimization that guides the model toward higher-performing regions of the workflow space. Additionally, we incorporate a classifier-free guidance based enhancement technique that extrapolates along the path between the initial and GRPO-tuned models, further improving output quality. We validate our approach through a set of comparisons, showing that it can successfully create new flows with greater diversity and lead to superior image quality compared to existing baselines.
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