arXiv:2505.21665cs.RO2025-05NeurIPS被引 3

用生物适应启发的框架,高效生成多样且可迁移的机器人形态与控制策略。

Convergent Functions, Divergent Forms

  • 在隐空间中学习共享控制策略,降低每种形态的训练成本。
  • 探索780倍更多设计,计算量减少40%,模拟步数减少78%。
  • 适合需要高样本效率和多样化设计的机器人自适应任务。

我们提出LOKI,一种计算高效的协同设计框架,用于联合优化形态与控制策略,并实现对未见任务的良好泛化。受生物适应性启发——动物能快速应对形态变化——该方法克服了传统进化算法和质量多样性算法的低效问题。我们提出学习收敛函数:在学习到的隐空间中,为形态相似的设计群组训练共享控制策略,显著降低每个设计的训练开销。同时,通过动态局部搜索替代突变,促进形态的发散,扩大探索范围并防止过早收敛。策略复用使我们仅用78%的模拟步骤和40%的每设计计算量,探索了780倍更多的设计。局部竞争结合更广域搜索,最终获得大量高性能且多样的形态。在UNIMAL设计空间和平坦地形行走任务中,LOKI发现了从四足、螃蟹、双足到旋转体等多种形态,远超以往工作。这些形态在敏捷性、稳定性与操作任务中表现更强的迁移能力(例如,颠簸与推箱斜坡任务奖励提升2倍)。整体上,该方法在多样性与适应性方面均优于现有协同设计方法,样本效率显著提升。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

We introduce LOKI, a compute-efficient framework for co-designing morphologies and control policies that generalize across unseen tasks. Inspired by biological adaptation -- where animals quickly adjust to morphological changes -- our method overcomes the inefficiencies of traditional evolutionary and quality-diversity algorithms. We propose learning convergent functions: shared control policies trained across clusters of morphologically similar designs in a learned latent space, drastically reducing the training cost per design. Simultaneously, we promote divergent forms by replacing mutation with dynamic local search, enabling broader exploration and preventing premature convergence. The policy reuse allows us to explore 780$\times$ more designs using 78% fewer simulation steps and 40% less compute per design. Local competition paired with a broader search results in a diverse set of high-performing final morphologies. Using the UNIMAL design space and a flat-terrain locomotion task, LOKI discovers a rich variety of designs -- ranging from quadrupeds to crabs, bipedals, and spinners -- far more diverse than those produced by prior work. These morphologies also transfer better to unseen downstream tasks in agility, stability, and manipulation domains (e.g., 2$\times$ higher reward on bump and push box incline tasks). Overall, our approach produces designs that are both diverse and adaptable, with substantially greater sample efficiency than existing co-design methods. (Project website: https://loki-codesign.github.io/)

机器人设计协同优化形态生成

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