用AI多代理系统辅助核废料管理决策,提升合规与安全评估准确性。
AI-Supported Platform for System Monitoring and Decision-Making in Nuclear Waste Management with Large Language Models
- 构建多代理RAG系统,通过10轮协作讨论提升决策质量。
- 合规代理相关性得分更高,风险评估更全面,共识率逐轮提升。
- 可在普通电脑运行,适合需透明可追溯的高风险环境治理场景。
核废料管理需严格遵守法规,涉及法律、环境与安全等复杂因素。本文提出一种基于大语言模型(LLM)的多代理检索增强生成(RAG)系统,通过10轮结构化讨论实现代理间协作,评估法规合规性与安全要求,并保持响应的文档依据。系统在消费级硬件上部署,采用Llama 3.2与mxbai-embed-large-v1嵌入模型,实现高效检索与语义表征。以亚利桑那州温斯洛附近拟建临时核废料存储场为例,结果显示:合规代理在法律框架对齐方面表现更优,安全代理能有效处理多维度风险分析;各轮次中代理间一致率逐步提升,语义漂移下降,表明决策一致性与响应连贯性增强。系统通过实时文档检索动态适应法规变化,确保决策事实准确,结合人工监督,提供可扩展、透明的监管治理路径。研究证明,该框架在高风险环境管理中具备推动证据化、可问责、自适应决策的潜力。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Nuclear waste management requires rigorous regulatory compliance assessment, demanding advanced decision-support systems capable of addressing complex legal, environmental, and safety considerations. This paper presents a multi-agent Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system that integrates large language models (LLMs) with document retrieval mechanisms to enhance decision accuracy through structured agent collaboration. Through a structured 10-round discussion model, agents collaborate to assess regulatory compliance and safety requirements while maintaining document-grounded responses. Implemented on consumer-grade hardware, the system leverages Llama 3.2 and mxbai-embed-large-v1 embeddings for efficient retrieval and semantic representation. A case study of a proposed temporary nuclear waste storage site near Winslow, Arizona, demonstrates the framework's effectiveness. Results show the Regulatory Agent achieves consistently higher relevance scores in maintaining alignment with legal frameworks, while the Safety Agent effectively manages complex risk assessments requiring multifaceted analysis. The system demonstrates progressive improvement in agreement rates between agents across discussion rounds while semantic drift decreases, indicating enhanced decision-making consistency and response coherence. The system ensures regulatory decisions remain factually grounded, dynamically adapting to evolving regulatory frameworks through real-time document retrieval. By balancing automated assessment with human oversight, this framework offers a scalable and transparent approach to regulatory governance. These findings underscore the potential of AI-driven, multi-agent systems in advancing evidence-based, accountable, and adaptive decision-making for high-stakes environmental management scenarios.
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