arXiv:2505.23184cs.LGcs.SE2025-05

通过旋转操作提升LoRA表达能力,解决多专家模型扩展时的泛化问题。

Two Is Better Than One: Rotations Scale LoRAs

  • 引入旋转机制增强LoRA间特征交互,突破传统加权求和限制。
  • 在21个任务上验证效果,显著改善大规模LoRA的泛化与拟合性能。
  • 适合研究大模型高效微调与可扩展专家系统的研究者参考。

基于低秩适应(LoRA)的混合专家(MoE)模型能高效适配多种任务,但传统路由机制因受限于现有加权求和方法的表达能力,难以实现大模型的可扩展性,导致泛化能力差和欠拟合问题。我们发现根本原因在于现有方法在洛拉表示的凸锥内外均缺乏足够表达力。为此,提出RadarGate——一种几何启发式的新路由方法,通过引入洛拉表示的旋转操作,增强表达能力并促进多洛拉间的丰富特征交互。具体而言,先用可学习组件融合各洛拉表示,再输入旋转矩阵,该矩阵包含定义洛拉间相对角度关系的可学习参数。这一简单有效机制提供了额外自由度,有助于学习跨洛拉协同效应,并有效应对随洛拉数量增加而出现的泛化困难与欠拟合问题。在6个公开数据集、21个任务上的大量实验验证了RadarGate的有效性。我们还揭示:每对表示的旋转具有对比性,即在几何变换中促使语义相似的表示更接近,语义相异的则被进一步拉开。代码将向社区开源。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Scaling Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA)-based Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) facilitates large language models (LLMs) to efficiently adapt to diverse tasks. However, traditional gating mechanisms that route inputs to the best experts may fundamentally hinder LLMs' scalability, leading to poor generalization and underfitting issues. We identify that the root cause lies in the restricted expressiveness of existing weighted-sum mechanisms, both within and outside the convex cone of LoRA representations. This motivates us to propose RadarGate, a novel geometrically inspired gating method that introduces rotational operations of LoRAs representations to boost the expressiveness and facilitate richer feature interactions among multiple LoRAs for scalable LLMs. Specifically, we first fuse each LoRA representation to other LoRAs using a learnable component and then feed the output to a rotation matrix. This matrix involves learnable parameters that define the relative angular relationship between LoRA representations. Such a simple yet effective mechanism provides an extra degree of freedom, facilitating the learning of cross-LoRA synergies and properly tracking the challenging poor generalization and underfitting issues as the number of LoRA grows. Extensive experiments on 6 public benchmarks across 21 tasks show the effectiveness of our RadarGate for scaling LoRAs. We also provide valuable insights, revealing that the rotations to each pair of representations are contrastive, encouraging closer alignment of semantically similar representations during geometrical transformation while pushing distance ones further apart. We will release our code to the community.

LoRA专家模型模型扩展

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