arXiv:2505.23354q-bio.BMcs.AI2025-05被引 4

用原子级大模型提取蛋白局部环境特征,提升结构与功能建模精度。

Representing local protein environments with machine learning force fields

  • 基于原子级基础模型中间特征,构建蛋白局部环境新表示。
  • 该表示能同时捕捉二级结构与化学特性,支持高精度预测。
  • 适用于核磁共振化学位移预测,为蛋白设计提供新工具。

蛋白质的局部结构强烈影响其功能及与其他分子的相互作用,因此构建简洁且信息丰富的局部蛋白环境表示对于蛋白质建模与设计至关重要。然而,这些环境在结构和化学上的高度多样性使其建模困难,相关表示仍鲜有探索。本文提出一种源自原子级基础模型(AFMs)中间特征的新表示方法,可有效捕捉局部结构(如二级结构基序)与化学特征(如氨基酸身份和质子化状态)。我们进一步证明,该表示空间具有有意义的结构,可构建生物分子环境分布的数据驱动先验。在生物分子核磁共振波谱背景下,所提表示实现了首个物理约束的化学位移预测器,达到当前最优性能。结果表明,原子级基础模型及其涌现表示在传统分子模拟之外,对蛋白质建模展现出惊人效果。这将开启构建高效蛋白环境功能表示的新研究方向。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The local structure of a protein strongly impacts its function and interactions with other molecules. Therefore, a concise, informative representation of a local protein environment is essential for modeling and designing proteins and biomolecular interactions. However, these environments' extensive structural and chemical variability makes them challenging to model, and such representations remain under-explored. In this work, we propose a novel representation for a local protein environment derived from the intermediate features of atomistic foundation models (AFMs). We demonstrate that this embedding effectively captures both local structure (e.g., secondary motifs), and chemical features (e.g., amino-acid identity and protonation state). We further show that the AFM-derived representation space exhibits meaningful structure, enabling the construction of data-driven priors over the distribution of biomolecular environments. Finally, in the context of biomolecular NMR spectroscopy, we demonstrate that the proposed representations enable a first-of-its-kind physics-informed chemical shift predictor that achieves state-of-the-art accuracy. Our results demonstrate the surprising effectiveness of atomistic foundation models and their emergent representations for protein modeling beyond traditional molecular simulations. We believe this will open new lines of work in constructing effective functional representations for protein environments.

蛋白建模机器学习原子模型化学位移

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