解决大规模非封闭点云全局法向一致性问题,提升场景级三维重建精度。
A Divide-and-Conquer Approach for Global Orientation of Non-Watertight Scene-Level Point Clouds Using 0-1 Integer Optimization
- 分块处理+全局整数优化,分而治之提升可扩展性。
- 在真实场景数据上实现95%以上法向正确率,优于现有方法。
- 适合大场景、不完整几何的点云处理,如扫描城市或建筑。
点云方向确定是计算机图形学与三维视觉中的基础问题,广泛应用于重建、分割与分析。现有方法多聚焦于封闭的物体级模型,而对大规模非封闭场景点云的方向估计仍缺乏有效方案。为此,本文提出DACPO(分而治之点云方向估计)框架,采用分块策略将输入点云划分为若干小块,独立处理每一块后通过全局优化整合结果。每块内先用随机贪心法估计初始法向,再以改进的迭代泊松表面重建进行精修。为保证块间一致性,构建无向图建模空间邻接关系,并引入‘可见连通区域’概念以定义可视性评估范围。全局集成被建模为0-1整数约束优化问题,以块翻转状态为二元变量。尽管问题具有组合复杂性,但因参与优化的块数通常仅数百,仍具可扩展性。在基准数据集上的实验表明,该方法在挑战性的大规模非封闭场景中表现优异,显著优于现有方法。源码已公开于 https://github.com/zd-lee/DACPO。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Orienting point clouds is a fundamental problem in computer graphics and 3D vision, with applications in reconstruction, segmentation, and analysis. While significant progress has been made, existing approaches mainly focus on watertight, object-level 3D models. The orientation of large-scale, non-watertight 3D scenes remains an underexplored challenge. To address this gap, we propose DACPO (Divide-And-Conquer Point Orientation), a novel framework that leverages a divide-and-conquer strategy for scalable and robust point cloud orientation. Rather than attempting to orient an unbounded scene at once, DACPO segments the input point cloud into smaller, manageable blocks, processes each block independently, and integrates the results through a global optimization stage. For each block, we introduce a two-step process: estimating initial normal orientations by a randomized greedy method and refining them by an adapted iterative Poisson surface reconstruction. To achieve consistency across blocks, we model inter-block relationships using an an undirected graph, where nodes represent blocks and edges connect spatially adjacent blocks. To reliably evaluate orientation consistency between adjacent blocks, we introduce the concept of the visible connected region, which defines the region over which visibility-based assessments are performed. The global integration is then formulated as a 0-1 integer-constrained optimization problem, with block flip states as binary variables. Despite the combinatorial nature of the problem, DACPO remains scalable by limiting the number of blocks (typically a few hundred for 3D scenes) involved in the optimization. Experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate DACPO's strong performance, particularly in challenging large-scale, non-watertight scenarios where existing methods often fail. The source code is available at https://github.com/zd-lee/DACPO.
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