arXiv:2505.24005cs.LG2025-05被引 2

测试无学习率算法在跨任务中的表现,发现仍不如传统方法稳定。

How far away are truly hyperparameter-free learning algorithms?

  • 用AlgoPerf基准测试无学习率算法的默认配置表现
  • 通过搜索找到跨任务表现最优的参数配置,性能提升显著
  • 即便优化后仍略逊于基准模型NadamW,说明仍有改进空间

尽管机器学习方法进步显著,超参数调优仍是系统开发中关键且耗时的环节。深度神经网络即使忽略结构设计,仍需为优化和正则化调整大量超参数。理想情况下,训练算法应具备通用默认设置,无需针对具体任务调参。近年来,研究聚焦于减少超参数数量,尤其是学习率及其调度。本文评估了无学习率方法作为完全免调参算法组件的潜力:将非学习率超参数固定为默认值,使用AlgoPerf训练算法基准进行评分。结果发现文献提供的默认配置表现不佳,因此我们搜索了在所有任务上表现均衡的超参数组合。经AlgoPerf校准后的最佳无学习率方法性能显著提升,但仍略低于同等校准的NadamW基准。结果表明,无学习率方法仍有较大改进空间,且需以强而鲁棒的基准测试来推动超参数简化技术发展。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Despite major advances in methodology, hyperparameter tuning remains a crucial (and expensive) part of the development of machine learning systems. Even ignoring architectural choices, deep neural networks have a large number of optimization and regularization hyperparameters that need to be tuned carefully per workload in order to obtain the best results. In a perfect world, training algorithms would not require workload-specific hyperparameter tuning, but would instead have default settings that performed well across many workloads. Recently, there has been a growing literature on optimization methods which attempt to reduce the number of hyperparameters -- particularly the learning rate and its accompanying schedule. Given these developments, how far away is the dream of neural network training algorithms that completely obviate the need for painful tuning? In this paper, we evaluate the potential of learning-rate-free methods as components of hyperparameter-free methods. We freeze their (non-learning rate) hyperparameters to default values, and score their performance using the recently-proposed AlgoPerf: Training Algorithms benchmark. We found that literature-supplied default settings performed poorly on the benchmark, so we performed a search for hyperparameter configurations that performed well across all workloads simultaneously. The best AlgoPerf-calibrated learning-rate-free methods had much improved performance but still lagged slightly behind a similarly calibrated NadamW baseline in overall benchmark score. Our results suggest that there is still much room for improvement for learning-rate-free methods, and that testing against a strong, workload-agnostic baseline is important to improve hyperparameter reduction techniques.

超参数优化无学习率算法基准AlgoPerf

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