用链接预测连接源域与目标域图,提升无监督图域自适应性能。
Bridging Source and Target Domains via Link Prediction for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation on Graphs
- 通过链接预测在源域和目标域间建立连接,增强目标节点的分布一致性。
- 在真实数据集上显著提升分类准确率,尤其在标签分布不均时表现稳定。
- 适合处理标签稀疏或分布差异大的图数据迁移任务。
图神经网络(GNN)在图上的节点分类任务中表现出色,但其性能依赖大量标注数据,而高质量标签获取成本高且困难,尤其在新出现的领域中。因此,无监督域自适应(UDA)——即在有标签的源图上训练分类器,并将其适应到无标签的目标图——受到越来越多关注。现有方法大多将为独立同分布数据设计的UDA技术直接应用于图数据,未充分考虑GNN的图结构和消息传递机制,且在标签分布偏移时效果不佳。本文提出一种新框架,通过链接预测在源域和目标域图之间建立节点连接,促进跨域信息传递,并使目标节点获得与源域一致的邻域结构。该策略在输入层修改目标图,降低其在嵌入空间中的分布偏差,且对域间标签分布不平衡不敏感。为防止目标图判别信息丢失,设计了保持身份一致性的学习目标,联合重建损失和适配损失指导边插入模块的学习。在真实数据集上的实验表明,该框架有效提升了性能。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown great ability for node classification on graphs. However, the success of GNNs relies on abundant labeled data, while obtaining high-quality labels is costly and challenging, especially for newly emerging domains. Hence, unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA), which trains a classifier on the labeled source graph and adapts it to the unlabeled target graph, is attracting increasing attention. Various approaches have been proposed to alleviate the distribution shift between the source and target graphs to facilitate the classifier adaptation. However, most of them simply adopt existing UDA techniques developed for independent and identically distributed data to gain domain-invariant node embeddings for graphs, which do not fully consider the graph structure and message-passing mechanism of GNNs during the adaptation and will fail when label distribution shift exists among domains. In this paper, we proposed a novel framework that adopts link prediction to connect nodes between source and target graphs, which can facilitate message-passing between the source and target graphs and augment the target nodes to have ``in-distribution'' neighborhoods with the source domain. This strategy modified the target graph on the input level to reduce its deviation from the source domain in the embedding space and is insensitive to disproportional label distributions across domains. To prevent the loss of discriminative information in the target graph, we further design a novel identity-preserving learning objective, which guides the learning of the edge insertion module together with reconstruction and adaptation losses. Experimental results on real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework.
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