arXiv:2505.24090cs.DBcs.AI2025-05

用生成式AI提升临床数据搜索效率,支持模糊查询与层级匹配。

Searching Clinical Data Using Generative AI

  • 构建分层模型,按编码层级预测关联节点,支持从父到子的完整遍历。
  • 在真实数据集上测试,准确率和可扩展性均优于传统方法。
  • 适合需要快速检索疾病、药物等多编码关系的医生与医疗系统开发者。

人工智能正在深刻影响医疗领域,尤其在自然语言处理和预测分析方面。尽管临床数据分析与医学编码已广泛应用AI,但大型非结构化数据中的信息检索仍依赖人工,易出错。本文提出一种生成式AI方法SearchAI,用于提升临床数据搜索的准确性与效率。不同于一对一的编码任务,临床搜索是“一对多”问题:一个查询可能对应多个相关代码。医生常需查找一组相关疾病、药物或病症,涉及大量编码,因此需要能处理同义词、语义变体和开放性查询的工具。SearchAI采用分层模型,尊重编码层级结构,实现从父节点到子节点的预测性导航,确保所有路径可达且不遗漏相关节点。我们在公开及生产数据集上进行实验,结果表明SearchAI在准确率、鲁棒性、性能和可扩展性方面均优于默认的层次遍历方法。该技术可提升临床数据可访问性,优化工作流程,减轻行政负担,并提高编码与诊断准确性。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is making a major impact on healthcare, particularly through its application in natural language processing (NLP) and predictive analytics. The healthcare sector has increasingly adopted AI for tasks such as clinical data analysis and medical code assignment. However, searching for clinical information in large and often unorganized datasets remains a manual and error-prone process. Assisting this process with automations can help physicians improve their operational productivity significantly. In this paper, we present a generative AI approach, coined SearchAI, to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of searching clinical data. Unlike traditional code assignment, which is a one-to-one problem, clinical data search is a one-to-many problem, i.e., a given search query can map to a family of codes. Healthcare professionals typically search for groups of related diseases, drugs, or conditions that map to many codes, and therefore, they need search tools that can handle keyword synonyms, semantic variants, and broad open-ended queries. SearchAI employs a hierarchical model that respects the coding hierarchy and improves the traversal of relationships from parent to child nodes. SearchAI navigates these hierarchies predictively and ensures that all paths are reachable without losing any relevant nodes. To evaluate the effectiveness of SearchAI, we conducted a series of experiments using both public and production datasets. Our results show that SearchAI outperforms default hierarchical traversals across several metrics, including accuracy, robustness, performance, and scalability. SearchAI can help make clinical data more accessible, leading to streamlined workflows, reduced administrative burden, and enhanced coding and diagnostic accuracy.

AI医疗信息检索生成模型

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