arXiv:2505.24579cs.LG2025-05被引 3

提出可自适应修正的神经算子方法,确保物理守恒律严格满足。

Adaptive Correction for Ensuring Conservation Laws in Neural Operators

  • 引入轻量级可学习算子,在训练中动态修正输出以满足守恒律
  • 在多个PDE基准上显著提升精度与稳定性,重建误差更低
  • 无需改变模型结构,适配性强,适合各类神经算子应用

物理定律如质量与动量守恒是许多物理系统的基本原则。神经算子在求解这些系统方面已取得良好表现,但常无法保证守恒性。现有方法通常通过手工后处理或架构约束强制守恒,导致模型灵活性受限。本文提出一种新型即插即用的自适应修正方法,用于确保神经算子输出对基本线性和二次守恒量的严格满足。该方法引入一个轻量级可学习算子,在训练过程中自适应地施加目标守恒律。理论分析表明,该修正方法不会削弱神经算子的表达能力,且可能实现比受守恒约束的模型更低的重建误差。在多种神经算子架构和代表性偏微分方程(PDE)上的实验验证表明,将本方法集成到基线模型中能显著提升准确率与稳定性。结果还显示,本方法在多个PDE基准上持续优于广泛使用的守恒强化技术。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Physical laws, such as the conversation of mass and momentum, are fundamental principles in many physical systems. Neural operators have achieved promising performance in learning the solutions to those systems, but often fail to ensure conservation. Existing methods typically enforce strict conservation via hand-crafted post-processing or architectural constraints, leading to limited model flexibility and adaptability. In this work, we propose a novel plug-and-play adaptive correction approach to ensure the conservation of fundamental linear and quadratic quantities for neural operator outputs. Our method introduces a lightweight learnable operator to adaptively enforce the target conservation law during training. This method allows the model to flexibly and adaptively correct its output to guarantee strict conservation. We provide a theoretical result showing that our correction method does not hamper the expression ability of neural operators and can potentially achieve lower reconstruction loss than their conservation-constrained counterparts. Our method is evaluated across multiple neural operator architectures and representative PDEs. Extensive experiments show that incorporating our correction method into baseline models significantly improves both accuracy and stability. In addition, the experimental results demonstrate that our approach consistently achieves superior performance over widely used conservation-enforcement techniques on various PDE benchmarks.

神经算子守恒律PDE求解自适应修正

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