让机器学会闻味,是实现真正智能的关键一步。
Position: Olfaction Standardization is Essential for the Advancement of Embodied Artificial Intelligence
- 提出将嗅觉纳入人工智能核心模态,推动多学科协作
- 指出缺乏标准化数据集和评测基准是发展瓶颈
- 适合关注具身智能与伦理对齐的研究者参考
尽管人工智能取得显著进展,但现有系统仍无法完整模拟人类认知。视觉、听觉和语言因有明确基准、标准化数据集和科学共识而备受关注,而嗅觉——这一高带宽且进化上至关重要的感知方式——却长期被忽视。这种缺失导致了构建真正具身且符合伦理的超人智能的基础性缺口。我们认为,机器嗅觉被排除并非因其无关紧要,而是由于科学理论未明、传感器技术多样、缺乏标准数据集、无面向AI的评测体系以及亚感知信号处理难以评估等结构性难题。这些问题阻碍了机器嗅觉的发展,尽管其在生物系统中与记忆、情绪和情境推理紧密关联。本文主张,迈向通用与具身智能必须投入资源开展嗅觉研究。我们呼吁神经科学、机器人学、机器学习与伦理学跨领域合作,建立嗅觉评测标准,开发多模态数据集,并定义机器在人类环境中理解、导航与行动所必需的感官能力。将嗅觉视为核心模态,不仅关乎科学完整性,更是构建植根于人类完整体验的伦理人工智能的必要前提。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Despite extraordinary progress in artificial intelligence (AI), modern systems remain incomplete representations of human cognition. Vision, audition, and language have received disproportionate attention due to well-defined benchmarks, standardized datasets, and consensus-driven scientific foundations. In contrast, olfaction - a high-bandwidth, evolutionarily critical sense - has been largely overlooked. This omission presents a foundational gap in the construction of truly embodied and ethically aligned super-human intelligence. We argue that the exclusion of olfactory perception from AI architectures is not due to irrelevance but to structural challenges: unresolved scientific theories of smell, heterogeneous sensor technologies, lack of standardized olfactory datasets, absence of AI-oriented benchmarks, and difficulty in evaluating sub-perceptual signal processing. These obstacles have hindered the development of machine olfaction despite its tight coupling with memory, emotion, and contextual reasoning in biological systems. In this position paper, we assert that meaningful progress toward general and embodied intelligence requires serious investment in olfactory research by the AI community. We call for cross-disciplinary collaboration - spanning neuroscience, robotics, machine learning, and ethics - to formalize olfactory benchmarks, develop multimodal datasets, and define the sensory capabilities necessary for machines to understand, navigate, and act within human environments. Recognizing olfaction as a core modality is essential not only for scientific completeness, but for building AI systems that are ethically grounded in the full scope of the human experience.
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