将人类认知原理转化为AI推理架构,显著提升多轮对话表现。
MIRROR: Converging Cognitive Principles as Computational Mechanisms for AI Reasoning
- 用并行认知线程与整合合成机制模拟人类思维流程
- 在七种模型上实现21%相对性能提升,高注意力负荷下优势更明显
- 为工作记忆、内在语言等认知现象提供可验证的计算模型
多种认知理论——全局工作空间理论、重构性情景记忆、内在言语和互补学习系统——共同指向一组共享的架构原则:并行专业化处理、整合合成至有限统一表征、以及重构而非累积的维持方式。我们测试这些汇聚原则在人工智能系统中是否具备计算优势。MIRROR将每个原则具体化为可操作机制:内省话语管理器生成并行的认知线程(目标、推理、记忆),认知控制器将这些线程整合为每轮重新构建的有限第一人称叙述,而快速响应与缓慢反思固化之间的时序分离则模拟互补学习动态。在需要在注意力干扰下维持约束条件的多轮对话任务中,MIRROR在七种不同架构的语言模型上均实现21%的相对性能提升。消融实验直接验证理论预测:重构合成使所有七种模型获益(+5%-20%);集成系统在六种模型上优于任一单独组件,证实并行探索与整合合成具有互补性;性能增益集中在理论预测的高注意力负荷场景,此时全局可用的整合信息最为关键。结果表明,来自人类认知的汇聚原则能带来普适性计算优势,并生成关于工作记忆、内在言语与记忆巩固的可检验行为预测。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
Multiple cognitive theories -- Global Workspace Theory, reconstructive episodic memory, inner speech, and complementary learning systems -- converge on a shared set of architectural principles: parallel specialized processing, integrative synthesis into a bounded unified representation, and reconstructive rather than accumulative maintenance. We test whether these converging principles provide computational advantages when implemented in AI systems. MIRROR operationalizes each principle as a concrete mechanism: an Inner Monologue Manager generates parallel cognitive threads (Goals, Reasoning, Memory), a Cognitive Controller synthesizes these into a bounded first-person narrative that is fully reconstructed each turn, and a temporal separation between fast response generation and slow deliberative consolidation mirrors complementary learning dynamics. Evaluated on multi-turn dialogue requiring constraint maintenance under attentional interference, MIRROR yields 21% relative improvement across seven architecturally diverse language models. Ablation studies test the theoretical predictions directly: reconstructive synthesis improves all seven models (+5-20%); the integrated system outperforms either component alone for six of seven models, confirming that parallel exploration and integrative synthesis are complementary; and gains concentrate where theories predict -- under high attentional load where global availability of integrated information is most needed. These results demonstrate that converging principles from human cognition provide architecture-general computational advantages, and generate testable behavioral predictions about working memory, inner speech, and memory consolidation. Project page available at https://www.arcarae.com/research/MIRROR and code at https://github.com/arcarae/MIRROR.
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