用集合模型处理无线信号定位,能有效应对多建筑多楼层的复杂环境。
Permutation-Invariant Transformer Neural Architectures for Set-Based Indoor Localization Using Learned RSSI Embeddings
- 将信号扫描建模为无序集合,用注意力机制学习接入点间关系。
- 在跨建筑场景中平均定位误差低至2.23米,优于传统模型。
- 适合处理信号稀疏、输入无序的真实室内定位任务。
我们提出一种排列不变的神经架构,用于基于Wi-Fi接入点的信号强度(RSSI)扫描进行室内定位。每条扫描被视为由(BSSID, RSSI)对组成的无序集合,其中BSSID映射为可学习嵌入,并与信号强度拼接后输入集合变换器(Set Transformer),实现对接入点间关系的注意力建模。该模型可处理变长、稀疏输入,在校园六栋建筑的数据集上评估显示,模型能准确恢复精细空间结构,并在物理差异较大的不同区域保持性能。实验中,简单LSTM在三个任务(E1-E3)中均表现最佳,平均误差最低达2.23米;集合变换器表现紧随其后,所有任务中排名第二,尤其在多建筑(E2)和多楼层(E3)场景中显著优于MLP、RNN和基础注意力模型。在E2任务中性能下降最明显,说明信号条件跨建筑差异大时,模型架构的鲁棒性至关重要。本工作表明,基于集合的神经模型是信号定位的理想选择,为真实场景下的稀疏、无序输入提供了系统化解决方案。
原文摘要 · Abstract (English)
We propose a permutation-invariant neural architecture for indoor localization using RSSI scans from Wi-Fi access points. Each scan is modeled as an unordered set of (BSSID, RSSI) pairs, where BSSIDs are mapped to learned embeddings and concatenated with signal strength. These are processed by a Set Transformer, enabling the model to handle variable-length, sparse inputs while learning attention-based representations over access point relationships. We evaluate the model on a dataset collected across a campus environment consisting of six buildings. Results show that the model accurately recovers fine-grained spatial structure and maintains performance across physically distinct domains. In our experiments, a simple LSTM consistently outperformed all other models, achieving the lowest mean localization error across three tasks (E1 - E3), with average errors as low as 2.23 m. The Set Transformer performed competitively, ranking second in every experiment and outperforming the MLP, RNN, and basic attention models, particularly in scenarios involving multiple buildings (E2) and multiple floors (E3). Performance degraded most in E2, where signal conditions varied substantially across buildings, highlighting the importance of architectural robustness to domain diversity. This work demonstrates that set-based neural models are a natural fit for signal-based localization, offering a principled approach to handling sparse, unordered inputs in real-world positioning tasks.
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