arXiv:2506.01087cs.AIcs.SC2025-06

为稳定论证框架的解提供可解释的决策溯源,揭示关键攻击选择。

Choices and their Provenance: Explaining Stable Solutions of Abstract Argumentation Frameworks

  • 通过识别最小关键攻击集,追踪稳定解中的决策路径。
  • 证明修复图的基解可匹配原图稳定解,实现溯源诊断。
  • 适用于需要解释论证结果可信性的逻辑推理与决策系统。

在抽象论证框架(AF)中,基于全序语义(WFS)的规则:若存在未被击败的攻击者,则某论点被击败。对于二值稳定解,该条件成立当且仅当攻击者本身被接受,即其所有攻击者均被击败。在WFS下,既非接受也非被击败的论点为未定(UNDEC)。已有研究表明,基解具有自解释性,其溯源可通过以目标节点为根的正则路径查询定义的子图获得,与双人论证博弈的获胜策略密切相关。本文提出一种新方法,将此类溯源扩展至稳定解。与可通过自底向上交替不动点过程构造的基解不同,稳定解常涉及搜索过程中的非确定性选择。因此,其溯源体现更复杂的生成与验证范式。本方法识别出最小的关键攻击集,精确指出稳定模型中的选择与假设。这些关键攻击边揭示了论点状态背后的决策机制,结合了基解的推导步骤与选择步骤。该方法可视为一种诊断,旨在找到对原图的最小“修复”,使得修复后图的基解等于原图的稳定解。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

The rule $\mathrm{Defeated}(x) \leftarrow \mathrm{Attacks}(y,x),\, \neg \, \mathrm{Defeated}(y)$, evaluated under the well-founded semantics (WFS), yields a unique 3-valued (skeptical) solution of an abstract argumentation framework (AF). An argument $x$ is defeated ($\mathrm{OUT}$) if there exists an undefeated argument $y$ that attacks it. For 2-valued (stable) solutions, this is the case iff $y$ is accepted ($\mathrm{IN}$), i.e., if all of $y$'s attackers are defeated. Under WFS, arguments that are neither accepted nor defeated are undecided ($\mathrm{UNDEC}$). As shown in prior work, well-founded solutions (a.k.a. grounded labelings) "explain themselves": The provenance of arguments is given by subgraphs (definable via regular path queries) rooted at the node of interest. This provenance is closely related to winning strategies of a two-player argumentation game. We present a novel approach for extending this provenance to stable AF solutions. Unlike grounded solutions, which can be constructed via a bottom-up alternating fixpoint procedure, stable models often involve non-deterministic choice as part of the search for models. Thus, the provenance of stable solutions is of a different nature, and reflects a more expressive generate & test paradigm. Our approach identifies minimal sets of critical attacks, pinpointing choices and assumptions made by a stable model. These critical attack edges provide additional insights into the provenance of an argument's status, combining well-founded derivation steps with choice steps. Our approach can be understood as a form of diagnosis that finds minimal "repairs" to an AF graph such that the well-founded solution of the repaired graph coincides with the desired stable model of the original AF graph.

论证框架可解释性逻辑推理

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