arXiv:2506.01208cs.LG2025-06NeurIPS被引 3

自动识别网络结构变化的时间尺度,兼顾灵敏度与稳定性。

Multiresolution Analysis and Statistical Thresholding on Dynamic Networks

  • 将节点行为投影到低维子空间,用泊松过程建模交互强度
  • 通过新型亲和系数检测多时间尺度上的结构突变,对噪声鲁棒
  • 适合网络安全等需捕捉快慢异常的场景

动态网络中结构变化检测具有广泛应用。现有方法通常将数据分时段,提取每段时间内的网络特征并比较,存在时间分辨率与统计稳定性之间的固有权衡。尽管类似信号处理中的时频权衡,多数方法仍采用固定时间分辨率,参数选择困难,尤其在网络安全等场景中,异常可能出现在多个时间尺度。为此,本文提出ANIE(自适应网络强度估计)——一种多分辨率框架,可自动识别网络结构演化的合适时间尺度,实现快速与渐进变化的联合检测。将交互建模为泊松过程,方法分两步:(1) 估计节点行为的低维子空间;(2) 推导一组新颖的经验亲和系数,量化潜在因子间交互强度的变化,并支持跨时间尺度的统计检验。提供子空间估计与亲和系数渐近行为的理论保证,实现基于模型的变点检测。合成网络实验表明,ANIE能自适应调整时间分辨率,有效捕捉剧烈结构变化且对噪声鲁棒。真实数据应用进一步验证其在多尺度检测上的实际优势,优于固定分辨率方法。

原文摘要 · Abstract (English)

Detecting structural change in dynamic network data has wide-ranging applications. Existing approaches typically divide the data into time bins, extract network features within each bin, and then compare these features over time. This introduces an inherent tradeoff between temporal resolution and the statistical stability of the extracted features. Despite this tradeoff, reminiscent of time-frequency tradeoffs in signal processing, most methods rely on a fixed temporal resolution. Choosing an appropriate resolution parameter is typically difficult and can be especially problematic in domains like cybersecurity, where anomalous behavior may emerge at multiple time scales. We address this challenge by proposing ANIE (Adaptive Network Intensity Estimation), a multi-resolution framework designed to automatically identify the time scales at which network structure evolves, enabling the joint detection of both rapid and gradual changes. Modeling interactions as Poisson processes, our method proceeds in two steps: (1) estimating a low-dimensional subspace of node behavior, and (2) deriving a set of novel empirical affinity coefficients that quantify change in interaction intensity between latent factors and support statistical testing for structural change across time scales. We provide theoretical guarantees for subspace estimation and the asymptotic behavior of the affinity coefficients, enabling model-based change detection. Experiments on synthetic networks show that ANIE adapts to the appropriate time resolution and is able to capture sharp structural changes while remaining robust to noise. Furthermore, applications to real-world data showcase the practical benefits of ANIE's multiresolution approach to detecting structural change over fixed resolution methods.

动态网络结构变化多尺度分析

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